Nervous System Neurons, Nerves, and Glial cells

Question 1

neuron

Answer 1

individual nerve cell

Question 2

stimulus

Answer 2

agent of change in the internal or external environment that evokes a response (light, sound, touch, pressure, or pain)

Question 3

dendrites

Answer 3

branching fibers of a neuron

Question 4

path of impulse

Answer 4

stimulus, dendrite, cell body, cell nucleus, axon (surrounded by myelin sheath), terminal end fibers, neurotransmitter, synapse

Question 5

ganglia (ganglion)

Answer 5

small collections of nerve cell bodies outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

axon

Answer 6

microscopic fiber that is part of a neuron and carries nervous impulse along a nerve cell

Question 7

myelin sheath

Answer 7

fatty tissue that covers the axon. Purpose is to insulate the axon and speed transmission of the impulse

Question 8

white matter

Answer 8

axons covered in myelin sheath

Question 9

gray matter

Answer 9

composed of the cell bodies of neurons that appear gray because they are not covered by a myelin sheath

Question 10

terminal end fibers

Answer 10

where the nervous impulse passes through the axon to leave the cell

Question 11

synapse

Answer 11

space where the nervous impulse jumps from one neuron to another

Question 12

neurotransmitter

Answer 12

chemical substance released at the end of the nerve cell. It stimulates or inhibits another cell. Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin

Question 13

nerve

Answer 13

consists of many axons that travel together like strands of rope

Question 14

what is the parenchyma of the nervous system?

Answer 14

neurons and nerves

Question 15

stroma

Answer 15

connective and supportive tissue of an organ

Question 16

what is the stromal tissue of the CNS?

Answer 16

glial (neuroglial) cells

Question 17

What is important about glial cells?

Answer 17

Do not transmit impulses, and they are far more numerous than neurons and can reproduce

Question 18

4 types of glial cells

Answer 18

astrocyte (astroglial cells), microglial cells, oligodendroglial cells (oligodendrocytes), ependymal cells

Question 19

What are astrocytes?

Answer 19

star-like in appearance and transport water and salts between capillaries in neurons

Question 20

What are microglial cells

Answer 20

small cells with many branching processes (dendrites). They protect neurons in response to inflammation

Question 21

What are oligodendroglial cells?

Answer 21

have few or scanty dendrites. These cells form the myelin sheath in the CNS

Question 22

What are ependymal cells?

Answer 22

line membranes within the brain and spinal cord where CFS is produced and circulates

Question 23

blood-brain barrier (BBB)

Answer 23

protective separation between the blood and brain cells. Makes it difficult for substances to penetrate capillary walls and enter the brain