_Immune system

Question 1

What does the immune system protect our body from?

Answer 1

foreign invaders such as harmful bacteria and viruses (pathogens)

Question 2

what is the first line of defence in our bodies?

Answer 2

our skin

Question 3

What are antibodies?

Answer 3

Y shaped proteins made to destroy antigens

Question 4

What produces antibodies?

Answer 4

Special wbcs called B-cells

Question 5

Where do B-cells mature?

Answer 5

Bone marrow

Question 6

What does an antibody bind with?

Answer 6

Antigens

Question 7

What are antigens?

Answer 7

Harmful invaders

Question 8

What type of antigen do antibodies bind with?

Answer 8

certain antigens that have the same shape

Question 9

One type of antibody can identify how many types of antigens?

Answer 9

One

Question 10

One type of B-cell can create how many types of antibodies?

Answer 10

One

Question 11

What are macrophages?

Answer 11

a special type of wbc

Question 12

What do macrophages do?

Answer 12

they kill microorganisms

Question 13

1 step of process of protection?

Answer 13

pathogen (antigen) enters the body (bloodstream)

Question 14

2 step of process of protection?

Answer 14

A special type of macrophage (dendritic cell) consumes the pathogen

Question 15

3 step of process of protection?

Answer 15

Info about pathogen is sent from macrophage to helper T-cells

Question 16

Where do helper T-cells mature in?

Answer 16

the thymus

Question 17

4 step of process of protection?

Answer 17

Helper T-cells transfer pathogen info to B-cells

Question 18

What is step 4 called?

Answer 18

cell-mediated immunity

Question 19

5 step of process of protection?

Answer 19

B-cells build specific antibodies to fight the pathogen

Question 20

What is step 5 called?

Answer 20

Humoral immunity

Question 21

What do you call the reaction where antibodies bind to antigens?

Answer 21

Antibody-antigen reaction

Question 22

What can be happened when Antibody-antigen reaction occurs?

Answer 22

antibodies can destroy antigens

Question 23

Sometimes pathogens leave the bloodstream and enter where?

Answer 23

Cells

Question 24

What do cells do to the pathogen?

Answer 24

They dissolve it and display parts of it around the cell membrane

Question 25

Why do the cells display parts of the pathogen around the cell membrane?

Answer 25

For killer T-cells to recognise

Question 26

What do killer T-cells do?

Answer 26

destroy cell and pathogen

Question 27

What does HIV stand for?

Answer 27

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Question 28

What does AIDS stand for?

Answer 28

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Question 29

How does HIV killing helper T-cells affect us?

Answer 29

it makes it hard to produce antibodies & fight infection

Question 30

What's the name of the antibodies that remain in your blood for a long time?

Answer 30

memory T-cells

Question 31

What happens when you're exposed to the same pathogen again?

Answer 31

Your body can quickly fight off the infection thanks to memory T-cells

Question 32

What is the vaccine's function?

Answer 32

the body remembers infection

Question 33

What does a vaccine usually contain?

Answer 33

A dead/inactive strain of the virus

Question 34

What does our body do with the vaccine?

Answer 34

It memorises the shape of the antigen (we only get minor side effects)

Question 35

What are allergies?

Answer 35

The body overreacting to foreign substances entering the bloodstream