A and P/Development

Question 1

bones of bony pelvis (4)

Answer 1

ilium
ischium
sacrum
coccyx

Question 2

(4) joints of pelvis

Answer 2

cartilaginous symphyseal joints (sacrococcygeal and symphysis pubis)

synovial joints (sacroiliac joint and lumbar sacral joint)

Question 3

major severe that innervates the external genetalia + originates

Answer 3

pudendal nerve

S2, S3, S4 segments

Question 4

pudendal nerve function

Answer 4

sensory innervation to EXTERNAL genitals

striated urethral and anal sphincters

perineal muscles

Question 5

lymphatic drainage of internal genetalia

Answer 5

uterus and upper 2/3 of vagina = obturator and internal/external

drainage of ovaries = paraaortic

Question 6

venous drainage of uterus

Answer 6

venous plexus thru uterine vein

Question 7

venous drainage of ovaries

Answer 7

R ovarian vein (to IVC)

L ovarian vein (to L renal)

Question 8

arteries of female reproductive

Answer 8

aorta –> common iliac –> internal iliac artery

uterine artery

vaginal artery

internal pudendal artery

Question 9

ovarian vascular supply

Answer 9

ovarian artery off the aorta

Question 10

vestibular glands

Answer 10

Bartholin’s and Skene’s

provide lubrication during sexual stimulation

rarely noted during exam unless abscessed

Question 11

squamocolumnar junction

Answer 11

stratified squamous epithelium and mucus secreting columnar epithelium of CERVIX meet here

Question 12

culdocentesis

Answer 12

posterior to the cervix thru vaginal wall into peritoneal cavity

samples fluid in pouch of douglas

Question 13

4 parts of Fallopian tubes

Answer 13

1. interstitial (narrowest, next to uterine)
2. isthmus
3. Ampulla
4. Fimbria (infundibulum)

Question 14

uterus is held into position by

Answer 14

round ligament
uterosacral ligaments
cardinal ligaments

Question 15

menorrhagia

Answer 15

excessive menstrual flow

> 30 mL

risk of IDA

Question 16

GnRH fxn

Answer 16

stimulates anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH

Question 17

when does the menstrual cycle begin?

Answer 17

first day of menses

Question 18

follicular phase (general)

Answer 18

onset of menses - LH surge

proliferative phase of endometrium

Question 19

luteal phase

Answer 19

begins with LH surge ends with menses onset

secretory phase

Question 20

menstrual cycle in teens

Answer 20

35 days

shortens with maturation

Question 21

adult menstrual cycle

Answer 21

28 days (women 20-40)

10 yrs prior to menopause there is variability

Question 22

early follicular phase

Answer 22

ovary is not hormonally active

uterus is quiet

estradiol and progesterone levels fall

Question 23

hormone action in the early follicular phase

Answer 23

hypothalamus releases GnRH

GnRH releases FSH and LH

Question 24

what do FSH and LH do? (follicular phase)

Answer 24

cause follicles in the ovary to mature

Question 25

mid follicular phase

Answer 25

estradiol levels rise significantly by day 7 and multiple follicles are recruited for maturation, one becomes dominant endometrium proliferates under influence of estrogen

Question 26

granulose cells

Answer 26

found in the developing follicles to produce estrogen estrogen decreases FSH release and strongest follicle emerges

Question 27

late follicular phase

Answer 27

single dominant follicle is selected estrogen stimulates thickening of endometrium high estrogen levels increase amount and stringiness of cervical mucus

Question 28

LH surge

Answer 28

occurs during ovulation serum estradiol levels elevate one day before ovulation causing a rise in LH 36 hrs after = ovulation

Question 29

most reliable indicator of ovulation

Answer 29

LH surge

Question 30

luteal phase

Answer 30

follicle cells transform to corpus luteum = progesterone release

Question 31

dominant hormone of luteal phase

Answer 31

progesterone

Question 32

mid to late luteal phase IF fertilized

Answer 32

early embryo makes HcG which maintains corpus luteum continued corpus luteum = progesterone production continues until steroidogeneis is well established

Question 33

mid to late luteal phase NOT fertilized

Answer 33

LH levels fall and progesteorn/estradiol = decreased blood flow to endometrium tissue sloughing and necrosis GnRH secretion increases

Question 34

menstruation

Answer 34

prostaglandins produced due to falling progesterone causes contraction of endometrial blood vessels and uterine muscles lasts 3-7 days

Question 35

two layers of endometrium

Answer 35

funtionalis basalis continues to proliferate each cycle

Question 36

three phases of functionalis endometrium

Answer 36

menstrual (sloughing) proliferative (growth) secretory (organization)

Question 37

what causes irregular spotting/bleeding?

Answer 37

progesterone withdrawal doesn't cause sloughing, continued estrogenic stimulation causes endometrium to outstrip blood supply at irregular intervals