A and P of the Integumentary System - The Skin: Epidermis/Dermis/Subcutaneous Layer - Accessory Organs: Hair/Nails/Sebaceous Glands/Sweat Glands Flashcards
Cutaneous Membrane
Another term for ‘skin’
Integument
Another term for ‘skin’
Pathogens
Disease-bearing organisms
Sebaceous Glands
Also called ‘oil glands’; produce substance called ‘sebum’ that lubricates skin surface
Sensory Receptors
Nerve fibers located directly under skin surface; these receptors detect temperature, pain, touch, and pressure; messages for these sensations are conveyed to brain and spinal cord from nerve endings in skin
Epidermis
Superficial layer of skin; is composed of squamous epithelium cells; these are flat scale-like cells that are arranged in layers, called stratified squamous epithelium; many layers of epidermis create a barrier to infection; epidermis does not have a blood supply, so is dependent on deeper layers of skin for nourishment; however, deepest epidermis layer is called ‘basal layer’; these cells are alive and constantly dividing; older cells are pushed out toward surface by new cells forming beneath; during this process, they shrink and die, becoming filled with a protein called keratin; keratin-filled cells are sloughed off as dead cells
Dermis
Living layer of skin located between epidermis and subcutaneous tissue; also referred to as ‘corium’ or ‘true skin’; contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerve fibers, and muscle fibers
Subcutaneous Layer
Deepest layer of skin where fat is formed; layer of fatty tissue protects deeper tissues of body and acts as insulation for heat and cold
Basal Layer
Deepest layer of epidermis; this living layer constantly multiplies and divides to supply cells to replace cells that are sloughed off skin surface
Keratin
Hard protein substance produced by body; found in hair and nails, and filling inside of epidermal cells
Melanin
Black color pigment in skin; helps to prevent sun’s ultraviolet rays from entering body
Melanocytes
Special cells in basal layer of epidermis; they contain black pigment melanin that gives skin its color and protects against ultraviolet rays of sun
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Layers of flat or scale-like cells found in epidermis; ‘stratified’ means multiple layers and ‘squamous’ means flat
Collagen Fibers
Fibers made up of insoluble fibrous protein present in connective tissue that forms flexible mat to protect skin and other parts of body
Corium
Living layer of skin located between epidermis and subcutaneous tissue; also referred to as ‘dermis’, it contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerve fibers, and muscle fibers
Hypodermis
Deepest layer of skin; composed primarily of adipose
Lipocytes
Medical term for cells that contain fat molecules
Arrector Pili
Small slip of smooth muscle attached to hairs; when this muscle contracts, hair shaft stands up and results in “goose bumps”
Hair Root
Deeper cells that divide to grow hair longer
Hair Follicle
Cavities in dermis that contain hair root; hair grows longer from root
Hair Shaft
Older keratinized cells that form most of length of a hair
Cuticle
Thin skin-like layer overlapping base of nail
Free Edge
Exposed edge of a nail that is trimmed when nails become too long
Lunula
Lighter-colored, half-moon region at base of a nail
