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A+ Certification > A+ Chapter 2 > Flashcards

A+ Chapter 2 Flashcards

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2
Q

CPU

A

An electronic circuit that can process data and execute computer programs (Core i7, Phenom II, and so on).

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3
Q

motherboard

A

The logical foundation of the computer; all components connect to it.

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4
Q

form factor

A

Physical size and shape of motherboard, power supply. See www.formfactors.org for specifications for common motherboard and power supply standards. Includes ATX, microATX, ITX.

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5
Q

ATX (Advanced Technology Integrated)

A

Motherboard form factor with integrated port cluster at left rear of board, basis for most mid-size to full-size desktop systems. Expansion slots run parallel to the short side of the board. Left side case opening as viewed from front of tower. There are 4: ATX, miniATX, microATX, and FlexATX. pg 32

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6
Q

Mini-ITX

A

VIA Tech-originated ultra-compact motherboard design(6.7x6.7 inches); used in computing appliances (media servers, and so on). These can fit in a case designed for ATX family and uses a similar port cluster. Does not include memory slots.

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7
Q

integrated I/O ports

A

Ports built in to the motherboard port cluster or internal headers such as parallel, serial, USB, and others.

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8
Q

Memory slots

A

this provides for RAM installation on the board.

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9
Q

Expansion Slots

A

Slots in the motherboard for video, network, mass storage, and other types of cards. Types include PCIe, PCI, and others.

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10
Q

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)

A

this is a type of slot. 32-bit I/O bus providing a shared 33-MHz or 66-MHz data path between the CPU and peripheral controllers.

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11
Q

PCI-X

A

Peripheral Component Interconnect) Workstation/server version of PCI used for network and mass storage cards; provides faster performance than PCI. Use the same connectors as a 64 bit slot. Supports 266MHz and 533MHz speeds. Being replaced by PCIe.

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12
Q

PCI Express (PCIe)

A

Peripheral Component Interconnect) A high-speed set of serial bus communication channels used by adapter cards. Replacing the AGP and PCI slots on newer boards. Come in 4 types: 1x, 4x, 8x, and 16x. The 1 and 4 are to replace the PCI and the 8 and 16 are to replace the AGP.

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13
Q

AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)

A

A 32-bit I/O bus used for video, provides for a direct connection between the video card and memory.

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14
Q

AMR (Audio Modem Riser)

A

A riser card and slot designed to support surround audio and soft modem on some motherboards.

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15
Q

CNR

A

Communications Network Riser. Riser slot and card for soft modem and network adapter on some motherboards. Replaced the AMR cards. Current systems integrate network and audio features directly to the motherboard making the CNR and the AMR obsolete.

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16
Q

chipset

A

Support chips on a motherboard (northbridge or memory controller hub; southbridge or I/O controller hub) that provide interface between onboard components and expansion slots and CPU. Determines the type and speed of RAM. These bad boys are mounted to the surface of the motherboard and can’t be updated.

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17
Q

Northbridge

A

connects the CPU and other high speed components such as memory, PCIe or AGP graphics and other high speed components.

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18
Q

Southbridge

A

chip connects to lower speed components, such as mass storage interfaces, PCI expansion slots, USB ports, and the CMOS.

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19
Q

jumper

A

Group of two or three pins on a motherboard or card; used for configuration.

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20
Q

jumper block

A

Small plastic block with a metal insert that fits across two jumper pins to enable or disable a feature. when a jumper block is fit across two pins, a connection is made.

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21
Q

CPU fan connector

A

Connection on motherboard to power CPU fan and monitor speed. Most of these fans have monitors that can be controlled in the system BIOS.There is sometimes a 4th pin that can be used to control the speed.

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22
Q

system fan connectors

A

Connectors on the motherboard that provide power and speed monitoring to case fans and sometimes the power supply fan. 3 pin connector on the mother board.

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23
Q

Motherboard Installation

A
  1. Determine which mounting holes should be best for brass spacers 2. Install or remove brass spacers as needed 3. Place I/O shield into the opening in the back of case. 4. Determine which holes in the motherboard have brass stand-off spacers beneath them. Use the old screws to secure motherboard. 5. Connect front-panel wires to the speaker, reset switch, drive activity light, and power light. 6. Connect ribbon cables from drives to PATA and floppy disk interfaces. Match ribbon’s colored side to pin 1. 7. Connect the SATA drives to ports in numerical order. 8. Connect the power supply. 9. Install the add on cards. Make sure cards do not duplicate components already on the new motherboard. 10. Connect Header cables. 11. Connect front mounted ports USB, serial ports, IEEE 1394. 12. Connect power supply leads to drives and add on cards.
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24
Q

Motherboard Removal

A
  1. turn off power at switch and unplug cable. 2. Disconnect all cables and label them for easy connection. 3. Disconnect ribbon cables attached to built in ports on mb. 4. Disconnect all cables leading to speakers, key locks, speed switches and front panel. 5. Remove all add on cards and put in antistatic bags/mats 6. Disconnect header cables 7. Disconnect power supply from MB. 8. If possible remove heatsink and processor. Skip if it requires a lot of downward pressure. 9. Remove MB mounting screws with manual tool. Not magnetic kind. 10. Place on anti static mat/in bag. take off the old I/O shield.
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25
Q

Unexpected Shut Down

A

Dead short caused by loose screws, slot covers, or cards. or Power supply overheating.

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26
Continuous Reboots
Symptom of Power Good power supply problem or STOP (BSOD) error if system is configured to restart on BSOD. When the Power Good line to the motherboard carries too high or too low voltage, the processor resets, shutting down the system and rebooting it.Windows will reboot if a STOP error has occurred. Clear the auto restart check box. Look up STOP error at support.microsoft.com
28
BIOS Time and Setting resets
replace the CMOS battering with a CR2032 and reset BIOS to correct setting. CMOS batteries tend to need to be replaced after 3 yrs.
29
System Lockups
System is completely unresponsive; usually caused by overheating leading to corrupted memory contents.Step 1. shut down. remove and reinstall memory. remove dust. 2. Check specs for memory to verify it is correct. 3. If memory is overclocked, reset in BIOS under Auto or SPD options. 4. you might need additional cooling.
30
POST code beeps at startup
these beeps can indicate a major problem. consult documentation for your system's BIOS chip.
31
Blank Screen at boot up
on system PATA drives reversing the data cable. A cable plugged into an inactive port will cause a blank screen.
32
Smoke or Burning Smells
failure of a capacitor or of the power supply. Capacitors are the cylindrical components on the mb and are replaceable.
33
System will not start
check the following: incorrect panel wiring connections, Loose or missing power leads, Loose or missing memory modules, loose BIOS chips, Incorrect connection of EIDE/PATA, Incorrect positioning of standoff, loose screws or slot cover.
34
Dead Short
Short circuit on the motherboard that makes the system appear to be dead. Caused by incorrect positioning of standoff or loose screws or slot covers.
35
Intel Processor Sockets
LGA 775; LGA 1155; LGA 1156; LGA1366
36
Land Grid Array (LGA)
Intel CPU socket technology that uses small metal lands in the CPU socket instead of pins on the CPU.
37
LGA 775
Used in late model Pent 4, All Pent D, late model Celeron Desktop processors, all Core 2 Duo, all Core 2 Quad, all Core Extreme. Range in clock speed from 2.3GHz (Celeron Deskt) to 3.73 GHz (P4 EE, P Dsktp EE). Can be supported by different chip sets. Make sure board is compatible with processor.
38
LGA 1366
LGA socket used by Extreme Core i7 CPUs; 1366 lands. Uses a new interconnect method called quick path interconnect (QPI) to connect to the I/O controller hub - northbridge. supports triple channel DDR3 memory Clock speeds 2.66GHz -3.46GHz. Turbo 2.93GHz - 3.73GHz. /n/n
39
LGA1156
LGA socket used by first-generation Core i-series processors that did not use LGA 1366. Is designed to connect to a memory controller built into the CPU. Support dual channel DDR3 memory. Range in clock speed from as low as 2.26GHz to 3.06GHz. Turbo Boost 3.20 GHz to 3.86GHz. /n/n
40
LGA 1155
LGA socket used by second- and third-generation Sandy Bridge architecture Core i-series processors; 1155 lands. These feature better L1 and L2 caches, CPU integrated video, two load and store operations per CPU cycle, and better performance advanced mathematical operations. clock speed 1.60 GHz to 3.40GHz. Turbo boost 3.10GHz to 3.90GHz. /n/n
41
AMD Processors
Advanced Micro Devices Socket 940, Socket AM2, Socket AM2+, Socket AM3, Socket AM3+, Socket F, and Socket FM1. All use pin grid array except for F.
42
pin grid array (PGA)
CPU socket design in which pins in the rear of the CPU are inserted into holes in socket and clamped into place. You gotta use a ZIF socket mechanism. Heat sink clips to mounting lugs on two sides of the processor socket.
43
Socket 940
AMD PGA socket; requires registered memory; 940 pins. Used by first generation Athlon 64 FX and by early Opteron wksta and server processors.
44
Registered Memory
aka buffered memory because the register between the DRAM and the memory controller in the CPU provides a single cycle buffer during read and write operations. Makes the memory slower, but more reliable. p. 66
45
Socket AM2
replaced older sockets 754,939, 940. All processors that support AM2 support dual channel DDR2 memory. Range in clock speed from 1.60 GHz to 3.0GHz
46
Socket AM2+
AMD PGA socket; enhanced version of AM2; supports CPUs with L3 cache; 940 pins.; supports AM2, Phenom, and lower cost Athlon. Runs at a faster speed than AM2. supports CPUs with dual-channel DDR2 memory controller; 940 pins. range in speed from 1.80 GHz to to 2.80 GHz.
47
Socket AM3
AMD PGA socket; supports CPUs with dual-channel DDR2 or DDR3 memory controller including Phenom II and below; 941 pins.
48
Socket AM3+
AMD PGA socket; supports CPUs with up to eight cores; supports CPUs with up to eight cores; 942 pins. 942 pins. Range in speed from 3.1 GHz to 4.2GHz. Turbo CORE 3.7 GHz to 4.3GHz
49
Socket FM1
AMD PGA socket; supports APUs (Advanced Processing Units - AMD term for CPU with integrated GPU); 905 pins. Support dual-channel DDR2 memory. Range in speed from 2.10GHz to 3.0GHz
50
Hyperthreading (HT Technology)
Intel CPU technology that enables a single processor core to work with two execution threads at the same time. Enabled in system BIOS. When in function it emulates two physical processors. P4 was the first.
51
Multicore
Processor with two or more cores; some desktop processors have as many as eight cores.
52
Level 1 (L1) Cache
8KB - 128KB built into the processor core. Cache memory read by CPU first when new memory information is needed; smallest cache size.
53
Level 2 (L2) Cache
Cache memory read by CPU if L1 cache does not have wanted information; much larger than L1 cache.
54
Level 3 (L3) Cache
Cache memory read by CPU if L2 cache does not have wanted information; much larger than L2 cache; used on high-performance CPUs.
55
Bus Speeds
Speeds of various buses on motherboards (PCI, PCIe, memory, and so on). The speeds for the processor, chipset interconnect and memory may be adjusted in the BIOS menus Memory, Overclocking, AI Tweaker.
57
Overclocking
Running CPU, memory, and other components at faster-than- normal speeds. May require adjustments to component voltage and improved air cooling or a switch to liquid cooling. Increasing the clock multiplier or running a faster front side bus (FSB). If the clock multipier frequency cannot be adjusted the only way to increase speed is by increasing that of the front side bus (FSB) which is the speed at which the processor communicated with the system memory. Intel makes unlocked processors in the Extreme Edition and Extreme Processor line, or uses the K suffix. AMD uses the Black Edition. This will make the unit run hot. Don't overclock mission essential machines. Gamers like this stuff.
58
32 Bit vs. 64 Bit architecture
32-bit hardware and software is often referred to as x86 or x86-32. 64-bit hardware and software is often referred to as x64 or x86-64. The term "32-bit," when referring to a processor or operating system architecture, refers to the maximum size of an integer register a processor can store. A 32-bit architecture can store data which is 32 bits wide, while a 64-bit architecture can store data which is 64 bits wide. 64-bit architecture can simply store more bits than 32-bit architecture. 32 is limitted to accessing no more than 4GB of RAM.
59
x64
64-bit extension to x86 processor architecture; backward compatible that is fully compatible with 32 bit OS and applications; supports more than 4GB of RAM. /n/n
60
x86
32-bit processor architecture used by AMD and Intel CPUs. /n/n
61
Hardware-assisted virtualization
Features in CPU and BIOS that enable virtualization to perform faster. Enables a host OS to support one or more guest operating systems running at the same time in windows. Some of the best virtualization procgrams: Microsoft Virtual PC. Windows Virtual PC HyperV Major DOSBox. /n/n
62
Integrated GPU
Graphics Processing Unit Intel's Core i3, i5, and i7 and AMD A-series. GPU (graphics processing unit) incorporated in the CPU.
63
Heat sink
finned metal device that draws heat away from a component (CPU, GPU, and memory). Aluminium is the most common material. Copper is the best. Most heat sinks mix both. /n/n
64
Active heat sink
Heat sink with attached fan. /n/n
65
Passive heat sink
Heat sink that relies on outside air flow for cooling. /n/n
66
Liquid cooling
Cooling system for CPU, GPU, and other components that replaces air cooling with heat blocks, a heat exchanger, and liquid-filled hoses; used for extreme overclocking. /n/n

A+ Certification (3 decks)

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