A level Flashcards
(41 cards)
Acid + metal
Salt + hydrogen
Acid + alkali
Salt + water
Acid + metal oxide
Salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
Simple molecular - bonding
Strong covalent bonds between atoms
Weak intermolecular forces ( between molecules)
Simple molecular - bp and mp
Low - intermolecular forces are week and need little energy to overcome
Simple molecular - conduction
Not a conductor - no delocalised electrons and no charged particles (ions)
Giant covalent - bonding
Strong covalent bonds between atoms
Giant structure
Giant covalent - e.g.
diamond, silica, graphite
Giant covalent - bp and mp
High - covalent bonds are strong, and there are lots of the, a lot of energy is needed to overcome them
Giant covalent - conduction
Only graphite - has delocalised electrons to carry a charge throughout the structure
Ionic - bonding
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
Giant structure
Ionic - bp and mp
High - ionic bonds are strong and need lots of energy to overcome
Ionic - conduction
When molten or dissolved - the ions are free to move and carry a charge through the structure
Metallic - bonding
Regular arrangement of positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons
Giant structure
Metallic - bp and mp
Usually high - strong and need lots of energy to overcome
Metallic - conduction
Yes - delocalised electrons carry a charge through the structure
Liquid over greater temp range
Stronger intermolecular forces of attraction
Test for carbonates
Result:
add dilute acid
co2 produced
Test for sulphates
Result:
add barium chloride and hydrochloric acid
white precipitate
Test for halides
Result:
add silver nitrate with nitric acid
chloride - white
bromide - cream
iodide - yellow
Test for oxygen
Result:
glowing splint
relights
Test for hydrogen
Result:
burning splint
squeaky pop
Test for co2
Result:
limewater
goes cloudy
