A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY: 3.3.1: Introduction to Organic Chemistry (ChemRevise)

Question 1

Hydrocarbon:

Answer 1

a Compound consisting of only Hydrogen & Carbon

Question 2

Saturated Hydrocarbon:

Answer 2

contains single Carbon-Carbon Bonds only (no C=C Double Bonds)

Question 3

Unsaturated Hydrocarbon:

Answer 3

contains a C=C Double Bond

Question 4

Molecular Formula:

Answer 4

the Formula which shows the actual Number of each type of Atom

eg H2SO4, H2O, C2H6

Question 5

Empirical Formula:

Answer 5

shows the Simplest whole-number Ratio of Atoms of each Element in the Compound

Question 6

General Formula:

Answer 6

Algebraic Formula for a Homologous Series

eg CnH2n+2

Question 7

Structural Formula:

Answer 7

shows the Arrangement of Atoms in a Molecule

eg Butane: CH3CH2CH2CH3

Question 8

Displayed Formula:

Answer 8

shows all the Covalent Bonds & Atoms present in a Molecule

Question 9

Skeletal Formula:

Answer 9

shows the Simplified Organic Formula, removing Hydrogen Atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton & associated Functional Groups.

Question 10

Functional Group:

Answer 10

an Atom or Group of Atoms which when present in different Molecules causes them to have similar Chemical Properties.

Question 11

Homologous Series:

Answer 11

families of Organic Compounds with the same Functional Group & same General Formula

Question 12

Organic Compounds in a Homologous Series: (3)

Answer 12

-show a gradual change in Physical Properties (eg bp)

-each member differs by CH2 from the last

-same Chemical Properties

Question 13

give the Functional Group for the Homologous Series ‘Alkanes’:

Answer 13

C-C

Question 14

give the Functional Group for the Homologous Series ‘Alkenes’:

Answer 14

C=C

Question 15

give the Functional Group for the Homologous Series ‘Alcohols’:

Answer 15

C-OH

Question 16

give the Functional Group for the Homologous Series ‘Halogenoalkanes’:

Answer 16

C-halogen

Question 17

give the Functional Group for the Homologous Series ‘Aldehydes’:

Answer 17

O=C-H

Question 18

give the Functional Group for the Homologous Series ‘Ketones’:

Answer 18

O=C

Question 19

give the Functional Group for the Homologous Series ‘Carboxylic Acids’:

Answer 19

O=C-OH

Question 20

give the Functional Group for the Homologous Series ‘Esters’:

Answer 20

O=C-O

Question 21

give the Suffix and/or Prefix of the Homologous Series ‘Alkanes’:

Answer 21

-ane

Question 22

give the Suffix and/or Prefix of the Homologous Series ‘Alkenes’:

Answer 22

-ene

Question 23

give the Suffix and/or Prefix of the Homologous Series ‘Alcohols’:

Answer 23

-ol

Question 24

give the Suffix and/or Prefix of the Homologous Series ‘Halogenoalkanes’:

Answer 24

chloro-
bromo-
iodo-

Question 25

give the Suffix and/or Prefix of the Homologous Series 'Aldehydes':

Answer 25

-al

Question 26

give the Suffix and/or Prefix of the Homologous Series 'Ketones':

Answer 26

-one

Question 27

give the Suffix and/or Prefix of the Homologous Series 'Carboxylic Acids':

Answer 27

-oic acid

Question 28

give the Suffix and/or Prefix of the Homologous Series 'Esters':

Answer 28

-yl -oate

Question 29

what happens when Compounds contain more than one Functional Group?

Answer 29

the Order of Precedence determines which groups are named.

Question 30

Order of Priority for Functional Groups (highest to lowest): (6)

Answer 30

Carboxylic Acid Aldehydes Ketones Alcohols Alkenes Halogenoalkanes

Question 31

the Functional Group takes priority over ___ ___ in giving the Lowest Number.

Answer 31

Branched Chains

Question 32

if more than one C=C Double Bond is present in an Alkene, then suffix ends...

Answer 32

-diene or -triene

Question 33

if there are Carboxylic Acid groups on both ends of the chain, then it is called a...

Answer 33

-dioic acid

Question 34

What is a 'Free Radical'?

Answer 34

a Free Radical is a Reactive species which has an Unpaired Electron

Question 35

Structural Isomers:

Answer 35

same Molecular Formula, different Structural Formula

Question 36

types of Structural Isomerism: (3)

Answer 36

-chain isomerism -position isomerism -Functional Group isomerism

Question 37

Chain Isomers:

Answer 37

Compounds with the same Molecular Formula, but different Structures of the Carbon Skeleton

Question 38

Position Isomers:

Answer 38

Compounds with the same Molecular Formula but different Structures due to different Positions of the Functional Group

Question 39

Functional Group Isomers:

Answer 39

Compounds with the same Molecular Formula, but with Atoms arranged to give different Functional Groups

Question 40

Stereoisomers:

Answer 40

same Molecular Formula, same Structural Formula, different spatial arrangement of Atoms

Question 41

Alkenes can exhibit a type of Isomerism called...

Answer 41

E-Z Steroeisomerism

Question 42

why do E-Z isomers exist?

Answer 42

due to restricted rotation about the C=C bond

Question 43

E-Z stereoisomers arise when: (2)

Answer 43

-there is Restricted Rotation around the C=C double bond -there are 2 different atoms/groups attached to both ends of the double bond

Question 44

what is the 'Priority Group' when naming E-Z stereoisomers?

Answer 44

the Atom/Group with the bigger Atomic number is classed as the Priority Group

Question 45

if the Priority Atom is on the same side of the C=C double bond, it is labelled...

Answer 45

Z

Question 46

if the Priority Atom is on the opposite side of the C=C double bond, it is labelled...

Answer 46

E

Question 47

E-Z stereoisomers can have different...

Answer 47

Melting & Boiling Points