A level - criminology notes

Question 1

What is criminology?

Answer 1

Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system.

Question 2

True or False: Criminology only focuses on the legal aspects of crime.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The three main components of the criminal justice system are law enforcement, ________, and corrections.

Answer 3

courts

Question 4

What does the term ‘criminal behavior’ refer to?

Answer 4

Criminal behavior refers to actions that violate laws and are punishable by the legal system.

Question 5

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of crime?

Answer 5

A) Traffic violation B) Theft C) Academic dishonesty D) Personal injury

Question 6

Define ‘victimology’.

Answer 6

Victimology is the study of victims and the patterns of how they are affected by crime.

Question 7

True or False: All criminologists work within the criminal justice system.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What is the purpose of criminological theories?

Answer 8

Criminological theories aim to explain the causes of crime and the factors that influence criminal behavior.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The ________ theory suggests that crime is a result of social disorganization.

Answer 9

social disorganization

Question 10

Multiple Choice: Which theory focuses on the influence of peers on criminal behavior?

Answer 10

A) Strain Theory B) Social Learning Theory C) Routine Activity Theory D) Labeling Theory

Question 11

What is the ‘labeling theory’?

Answer 11

Labeling theory posits that being labeled as a criminal can lead individuals to adopt that identity and continue criminal behavior.

Question 12

True or False: Crime rates are static and do not change over time.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Define ‘white-collar crime’.

Answer 13

White-collar crime refers to non-violent criminal offenses committed for financial gain by individuals or organizations in their professional life.

Question 14

What is the difference between ‘felony’ and ‘misdemeanor’?

Answer 14

Felonies are serious crimes typically punishable by imprisonment for more than one year, while misdemeanors are less serious offenses punishable by less than one year.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The ________ model of criminal justice emphasizes the protection of individual rights.

Answer 15

due process

Question 16

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a primary goal of the criminal justice system?

Answer 16

A) Rehabilitation B) Punishment C) Deterrence D) All of the above

Question 17

What is ‘deterrence’ in the context of criminology?

Answer 17

Deterrence is the idea that the threat of punishment will prevent individuals from committing crimes.

Question 18

True or False: All crimes are reported and recorded by law enforcement.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Define ‘recidivism’.

Answer 19

Recidivism refers to the tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend and return to criminal behavior.

Question 20

What role do social factors play in criminology?

Answer 20

Social factors such as poverty, education, and family background can influence the likelihood of criminal behavior.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The ________ perspective in criminology focuses on the social context of crime.

Answer 21

sociological

Question 22

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a property crime?

Answer 22

A) Robbery B) Burglary C) Assault D) Drug trafficking

Question 23

What is ‘crime prevention’?

Answer 23

Crime prevention involves strategies and measures to reduce the risk of crimes occurring.

Question 24

True or False: Crime statistics are always accurate reflections of crime in society.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Define 'organized crime'.

Answer 25

Organized crime refers to criminal organizations that systematically engage in illegal activities for profit.

Question 26

What is the significance of the 'UCR' in criminology?

Answer 26

The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) is a program that compiles official data on crime in the United States, providing insights into crime trends.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The ________ theory posits that crime results from the interplay of individual traits and environmental factors.

Answer 27

biosocial

Question 28

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of a 'juvenile delinquent'?

Answer 28

A) Age B) Severity of crime C) Intent D) All of the above

Question 29

What does 'criminal profiling' involve?

Answer 29

Criminal profiling involves analyzing the behavior and characteristics of offenders to develop a profile of potential suspects.

Question 30

True or False: The media has no influence on public perception of crime.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Define 'restorative justice'.

Answer 31

Restorative justice is an approach to justice that focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with victims.

Question 32

What are 'hate crimes'?

Answer 32

Hate crimes are criminal acts motivated by bias against a person's race, religion, sexual orientation, or other characteristics.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The ________ model of crime suggests that crime is a result of rational choice.

Answer 33

rational choice