a&p 1

Question 1

according to burton what is the approximate surface area of the alveolar capillary membrane

Answer 1

50-100 m2

Question 2

an indirect index of subject effort on the mvv maneuver may be obtained by multiplying the fev1 by what factor

Answer 2

35

Question 3

frc - erv =

Answer 3

rv

Question 4

what is the function of soda lime in a water seal type spirometer

Answer 4

co2 absorption

Question 5

state how an air bubble will affect the ph, paco2, and pao2 resuls of an abg

Answer 5

ph will increase, paco2 will decrease, and pao2 will approach atmospheric po2 levels

Question 6

a change in lung volume produced by a change in pressure reflects what

Answer 6

the compliance

Question 7

what is the diameter of the last generation of airways to contain cartilage in their walls

Answer 7

terminal bronchi 1.0mm

Question 8

during what week of gestation does the diaphragm usually develop

Answer 8

week 7

Question 9

the hering breur reflex carries impulses from the lung to the brain through what nerve

Answer 9

vagus

Question 10

what is the average diameter of the alveoli at age 70

Answer 10

200 micrometers

Question 11

which pleural surface is most sensitive to pain

Answer 11

parietal

Question 12

how man mEq of carbonic acid do the lungs excrete per day

Answer 12

10,000

Question 13

administration of 100% o2 has what effect on the pulmonary vasculature

Answer 13

dilation

Question 14

during inspiration, the ribs swing outward and upward, each pushing against the rib above during elevation, what is this movement called

Answer 14

bucket handle movement

Question 15

the apneustic center is located in the pons. apneusis is a condition in which ventilation stops in which respiratory phase (position)

Answer 15

inspiratory

Question 16

what is another name for type II alveolar cells and what is its function

Answer 16

granular pneumocyte/surfactant production

Question 17

name 3 major types of lung receptors

Answer 17

1. pulmonary stretch receptors
2. irritant c receptors
3. j receptors

Question 18

a reduction in what liquid promotes alveolar instability and atelectasis

Answer 18

surfactant

Question 19

the entire cardiac output to the pulmonary arterial circulation is delivered by

Answer 19

the right ventricle

Question 20

what is the term used to refer to a prolonged pause at full inspiration

Answer 20

apneusis

Question 21

surfactants ability to lower surface tension depends on

Answer 21

geometry

Question 22

according to respiratory care magazine the optimum level of peep is 10 cmh2o bc it is associated with the best tissue oxygen delivery which is ______ mlo2/min

Answer 22

933.8

Question 23

what is the normal value for chest wall complaince

Answer 23

0.125 - 0.209 liters/cm of h2o

Question 24

what is the width of the membrane separating capillary blood flow from alveoli

Answer 24

b/w .01 and .5 micrometers

Question 25

the pco2 in both blood and alveolar gas depend on 3 major factors what are they

Answer 25

ventilation, cardiac output, and matching of v/q relationships in the lung

Question 26

deflation receptors in the lung that stimulate inflation are called

Answer 26

herring-breuer reflexes

Question 27

what is the approximate diameter of the terminal bronchioles

Answer 27

0.6 mm

Question 28

control of systemic circulation is governed by 4 major mechanisms

Answer 28

1. autonomic control 2. hormonal control 3. mechanical control 4. local factors

Question 29

the pulmonary circulation has 5 additional functions besides gas exchange name 2

Answer 29

1- acts as a filter of venous drainage | 2. serves as a reservoir of blood for the left ventricle

Question 30

what substance secreted by the pituitary gland is instrumental in regulating body fluid content and concentration by adjustment of urine output

Answer 30

ADH

Question 31

normal stroke volume of each ventricle is

Answer 31

70 ml

Question 32

how is o2 consumption determined

Answer 32

by calculating the difference b/w the amount of o2 inhaled and exhaled

Question 33

the right hemidiaphragm is normally located one interspace _____ than the left side

Answer 33

higher

Question 34

what type of epithelium covers the large airways

Answer 34

ciliated pseudastratified columnar epithelium

Question 35

to which structure of the airway do the arytenoid cartilages belong

Answer 35

larynx

Question 36

what is the length of the left main stem bronchus

Answer 36

5 cm long

Question 37

the o2 affinity of hemoglobin is strongly influenced by changes in intracellular ph what is this effect called

Answer 37

bohr effect

Question 38

what % of the bodies total o2 consumption is utilized by the heart

Answer 38

10%

Question 39

ventricular depolarization is represented by which wave on the ekg

Answer 39

t wave

Question 40

the mean pulmonary arterial pressure at rest is less than 12 mmhg and rises to what level during exercise

Answer 40

15 mmhg

Question 41

in the normal adult what is the weight in grams of the left lung

Answer 41

550 grams

Question 42

the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli increase in number until what age

Answer 42

8

Question 43

how many polygonal shaped alveolus are there in the normal human

Answer 43

3 million

Question 44

what are the conducting airways

Answer 44

trachea, l & r mainstem bronchus, bronchioles, and terminal bronchiole

Question 45

how many divisional generations of the airway are there from the nasopharynx to the alveoli

Answer 45

23-25

Question 46

how many segments comprise the left upper lobe of the lung

Answer 46

two

Question 47

in addition to type II cells what cells are thought to secrete alveolar surface active material

Answer 47

clara cells

Question 48

how is resistance calculated

Answer 48

pressure difference/rate of flow

Question 49

does diffusion capacity change with exercise; if so how

Answer 49

yes it increases

Question 50

what are the 2 names of the segments of the right ML

Answer 50

Lateral and medial

Question 51

what is the major function of the larynx

Answer 51

sound production

Question 52

what accounts for 1/3 to 1/2 of the airway resistance during nasal breathing at low flow rates

Answer 52

the nose

Question 53

state the henderson-hasselbach equation

Answer 53

ph = pk + log (base/acid)

Question 54

what are the 3 portions of the sternum

Answer 54

manubrium body xiphoid

Question 55

is the oblique fissure a unilateral or bilateral line

Answer 55

bilateral

Question 56

is the bundle of his part of the electrical or mechanical system of the heart

Answer 56

electrical

Question 57

collateral ventilation b/w bronchioles occurs where

Answer 57

canals of lambert

Question 58

when gathering data for calculation of the pA-ao2 difference is an arterial blood gas required

Answer 58

yes

Question 59

what are the 3 layers of the arteries

Answer 59

tunica intima tunica media tunica adventitia

Question 60

when a patient is said to have hypoxia where is the oxygen deficiency

Answer 60

the cells

Question 61

by what week is the bronchial tree developed

Answer 61

16th

Question 62

what are the boundaries of the lower airways

Answer 62

true vocal cords to terminal air spaces

Question 63

define airway resistance

Answer 63

functional resistance afforded by the entire system of air passages to airflow from outside the body to within the alveoli

Question 64

what causes rapid, shallow breathing when stimulated by pulmonary congestion and edema, micro embolism and inhalation of certain chemical substances

Answer 64

type j pulmonary receptors

Question 65

what is the approximate height of each of the cartilage rings in the adult trachea

Answer 65

4-5 mm

Question 66

in the developing fetus the pleura arises from what

Answer 66

mesoderm

Question 67

surfactant is a phospholipid composed of mainly what

Answer 67

dipalmitoyl lecithin