a&p 2

Question 1

carbon monoxide shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in what direction

Answer 1

left

Question 2

what rib is adjacent to the sternal

Answer 2

2nd

Question 3

list 5 accessory muscles of inspiration

Answer 3

sternocleidomastoid, scalene, pect major/minor, trapezius, serratus anterior/posterior, sacrospinalis

Question 4

the lung bud differentiates into discernible structures by the ____ week of gestation

Answer 4

4th

Question 5

in a healthy person is the pleural pressure more or less negative at the apices in a sitting position compared to the bases

Answer 5

more negative at the apices

Question 6

what is a patients pulse pressure if his blood pressure is 140/100 mmhg

Answer 6

40 torr

Question 7

define the interstitial space

Answer 7

potential space b/w the basement membranes of the alveolus epithelium and capillary epithelium

Question 8

what is the pressure gradient b/w the mouth and the alveolus during normal tidal breathing in cmh2o

Answer 8

-3 - -5 cm h2o

Question 9

what makes lung volumes change

Answer 9

synchronized stretching and contracting of all alveoli

Question 10

in the lung what are the 3 vagal sensory receptors

Answer 10

irritant receptors, bronchopulmonary stretch receptors, t receptors

Question 11

what are the 2 pathways that are largely responsible for collateral movement of air throughout the lung

Answer 11

pores of kohn and channels of lambert

Question 12

what is the normal ratio of ciliated cells to goblet cells in the tracheobronchial epithelium

Answer 12

5:1

Question 13

what measurable pressure provides a close approximation of pleural pressures

Answer 13

esophageal pressures

Question 14

if isotropic alveolar enlargement or stretching is the primary mode of lung volume change, then alveolar surface area will change to what power of the lung volume

Answer 14

2/3

Question 15

define paradoxical pulse

Answer 15

when the systolic blood pressure during expiration is 10mmhg or more than during inspiration

Question 16

the diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve arising from the spinal cord roots of c what

Answer 16

c3,4,5

Question 17

surfactant prevents alveolar collapse by

Answer 17

reducing surface tension as alveolar volume falls

Question 18

T/F the bronchial circulation originates almost exclusively from the pulmonary artery

Answer 18

false aorta

Question 19

T/F the removal of surfactant normally from the lungs is accomplished by phagocytic activity

Answer 19

false removal is unclear

Question 20

pulmonary artery branches that do not accompany airways are called what

Answer 20

supernumerary arteries

Question 21

list 4 accessory muscles of expiration

Answer 21

latissimus dorsi, internal intercostal, rectus abdominis, internal/external oblique, transverse abdominis

Question 22

what does the terminal respiratory unit consist of

Answer 22

the respiratory bronchioles and its divisions

Question 23

what is an average pulmonary artery pressure

Answer 23

25/8

Question 24

according to farzan what is the speed of mucus

Answer 24

10-20 mm/min

Question 25

name 4 of the 7 functions of the circulatory system

Answer 25

respiration, nutrition, metabolism, chemical homeostasis, movement of cells and coagulation factors, exertion, heat transport

Question 26

the volume of the conductive zone of the lungs comprises what

Answer 26

the anatomic deadspace

Question 27

according to burton what is the rate at which the mucous blanket is propelled by the cilia toward the pharynx

Answer 27

1000 strokes per minute

Question 28

state which of the following is the most diffusible across the blood brain barrier: hco3, h+, co2

Answer 28

co2

Question 29

idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is also known as

Answer 29

cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis

Question 30

which pathogen is mostly attributed to cause bronciolitis

Answer 30

RSV

Question 31

the most important gram negative coccobacilli responsible for respiratory infections is

Answer 31

haemophilus influenzae

Question 32

what is hematocrit

Answer 32

the volume percentage of rbc's in the whole blood

Question 33

in normal lung approx. how much pressure is required to achieve a tidal volume of 500 ml

Answer 33

3.0 cmh2o

Question 34

in the normal adult what is the weight in grams of the right lung

Answer 34

600 grams

Question 35

what is absolute hemoglobin deficiendy

Answer 35

it is anemia, with a quantitative lack of circulating hemoglobin, seriously impairing the o2 carrying capacity of blood

Question 36

what is the other name for mucoviscidosis

Answer 36

cystic fibrosis

Question 37

what type of disease is chronic bronchitis; obstructive or restrictive

Answer 37

obstructive

Question 38

what pulmonary disease state is associated with an excess of surfactant

Answer 38

pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Question 39

the tunica intima of arterioles is extensively innervated by postsynaptic nerve fibers of which division of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 39

sympathetic

Question 40

an individuals total blood volume is equal to about ______ ml per kg of body weight

Answer 40

70-72 ml/kg

Question 41

which blood vessels consist of only one layer the tunica intima

Answer 41

capillaries

Question 42

what factor do u multiply times the pco2 to determine carbonic acid

Answer 42

0.03

Question 43

what are the 2 vascular systems that delivers blood to the lungs

Answer 43

pulmonary circulation and bronchial circulation

Question 44

what name is given to receptors found at parasympathetic effector sites

Answer 44

muscarinic receptors

Question 45

what do the distal respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli make up

Answer 45

terminal respiratory units

Question 46

what are alternate channels for gas movement to distal respiratory units

Answer 46

canal of lambert

Question 47

how many ml of o2 is physically dissolved in every 100 ml of blood

Answer 47

0.003 ml

Question 48

a cluster of 3-5 terminal bronchioles each with its appended terminal respiratory unit is called what

Answer 48

a lobule

Question 49

in what unit is resistance measured

Answer 49

cm h2o per liter per second

Question 50

what is the pathway for collateral ventilation b/w contiguous lobules called

Answer 50

canals of lambert

Question 51

what does the terminal respiratory unit consist of

Answer 51

respiratory bronchiole and its divisions

Question 52

cyanide poisoning results in what type of hypoxia

Answer 52

histotoxic hypoxia

Question 53

the oblique fissure isolates which lobes

Answer 53

the right lower lobe from the right middle and right upper lobes

Question 54

what is the advantage of the steep portion of the o2 hb curve

Answer 54

unloading o2 with small drop in pao2