A&P Flashcards
What is the largest organ in the body?
The skin also known as the Cutaneous membrane.
What are the functions of the integumentary systems?
- Regulates body temperature
- stores blood
- protects the body from the external environment
- detects cutaneous sensations
- Excretes and absorbs substances
- Synthesizes Vitamin D
What are the two parts of the skin?
- Epidermis and Dermis
- Subcutaneous layer is not a part of it but adjacent.
What are the different types of tissue?
- Connective
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Epithelial
What is the epidermis compraised of?
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Intraepidermal macrophages/Langerhans Cells
- Tactile epithelial cell/Merkel cells
What cell makes up 90% of epidermal cells?
Keratinocytes
What cell makes up 8% of epidermal cells?
Melanocytes
What cell produces Melanin?
Melanocytes
Intraepidermal macrophages/Langerhans Cells conduct what function?
Participate in the immune response to microbes that invaded the skin
- Tactile epithelial cell/Merkel cells do what?
Detect touch sensations.
How many layers are located in thin skin and what are they?
4 from top to bottom they’re the following;
* Stratum Corneum
* Stratum Granulosum
* Stratum Spinosum
* Stratum Basale
The dermis is comprised of what regions and what’s the make up?
- Papillary region 1/5
- Reticular region 4/5
Where are the melanocytes and Intraepidermal macrophages/Langerhans Cells located?
Spinosum Region
What Stratum is located only within thick skin?
Lucidum Stratum
What are the three pigments that make up the basis of skin color?
Melanin
Hemoglobin (red)
Carotene (yellow-orange)
What are the two different forms of melanin and the difference?
- Eumlanin- brown to black
- Pheomelanin- yellow to red
What are the stages of hair growth?
- growth stage
- regression stage
- resting stage
What is alopecia?
The partial or complete loss of hair as a result of genetic factors, aging, endocrine disorders, chemotherapy, or skin disease.
What are the different types of hair?
- Lanugo
- Terminal hairs
- Vellos Hairs
Sweat from the eccrine sweat gland produces what?
- Water
- Urea
- Uric Acid
- Ammonia
- amino acids
- Glucose
- Lactic acid
- Ions/electrolytes (Sodium and chlorine)
What structure of the skin is responsible for finger prints?
Epidermal ridges
What are the functions of nails?
- protect the distal end of the Digits
- provide support and counter pressure to the Palmer surface of the fingers
- allow us to grasp and manipulate small objects
How does the skin regulate temperature?
- Sweating
- Adjusting the flow of blood I.e dilating and constricting
What type of molecules can penetrate the skin?
Lipid soluble materials
This includes fat, soluble vitamins, certain drugs, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
