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A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Regulates volume

A

ADH

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2
Q

Regulates NA+

A

Aldosterone

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3
Q

Endocrine function of kidneys

A

Erythropoietin- renal hormone, acts on bone marrow stimulates RBC production

Vitamin D- starts in skin>liver> kidney > to vitamin d3
Hypocalcemia in renal pts due to VitD deficiency

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4
Q

Nephron blood flow

A

Afferent arteriole

Glomerular capillary- only place FILTRATION occours

Efferent arteriole

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5
Q

Proximal tubule

A

Over 2/3 of reabsorption occurs here

Over 2/3 of secretion of drugs occur here

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6
Q

Loop of henle

A

Thin descending and Thick Ascending

Separates handling of h20 and sodium

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7
Q

Thin descending loop

A

Water reabsorption but sodium stays

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8
Q

Thick ascending

A

Sodium reabsorption but water stays

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9
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Located were the Afferent arteriole crosses the distal tubule

Makes and secretes renin in response to low b/p

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10
Q

Distal tubule

A

Reabsorption of sodium occurs

Controlled by aldosterone

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11
Q

Collection duct

A

Controls water reabsorption by ADH

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12
Q

The five S of Vasopressin

A

Synthesis- para ventricular and supraoptic nucleus in hypothal
Stored- posterior pituitary
Secreted- blood stream
Stimulus- increase ECF OSMO, pt is to salty,
Sight of action- collecting duct, inserts aquaporines, h2o retained

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13
Q

Anterior pituitary

Adenohypophisis

A 
ACTH
GH
TSH
LH
FSH
PRL
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14
Q

Posterior pituitary

Neuro hypophysis

A

Vasopressin

Oxytocin

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15
Q

Peripheral motor (efferent)

A

Outgoing information. Centrally out to periphery

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16
Q

Parasympathetic pathways

A

Long preganglinic and short postganglionic

ACH the receptor both pre and post

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17
Q

Sympathetic pathways

A

Short preganglionic and short post

ACH is pre neurotransmitter and Norepinephrine is post.

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18
Q

A- Alpha

A

Myelinated
6-120 m/s
Efferent and Afferent
Muscles

19
Q

A-Beta

A

Myelinated
30-70m/s
Efferent motor, Afferent sensory
Proprioception and touch/ pressure

20
Q

A-Gamma

A

Myelinated
15-30m/s
Just motor efferent
Skeletal muscle tone

21
Q

A-Delta

A

Myelinated
12-30m/s
Only sensory Afferent
Pain, temp, touch

22
Q

B fibers

A

Myelinated
3-15m/s
Preganglionic AUTONOMIC
Various autonomic functions

23
Q

C fibers

A

Not myelinated
Afferent
Touch, pain, chronic pain

24
Q

Two cholinergic receptors

A

Muscarinic and nicotinic

Muscarinic- parasympathetic
Nicotinic- skeletal muscle, sympathetic and parasympathetic pre

25
B2 second messenger
Drug stimulates receptor Gprotein then create enzyme adenylate cyclase Adenylate cyclase with atp make second messenger cAMP Kinases added phosphate and get rid of calcium Bronchoconstriction dilation occours
26
Phosphodiasterase
Breaks down second messenger, therefor if you block it with phosphodiesterase inhibitor then its actions last longer and more bronchodilation. Milrinone, inamarinone
27
Substantia gelatinosa
Lamina rexed 2 and 3.
28
Neuroaxial opioid
Diffuses into substantia gelatinosa (rexed 2,3), binds with opioid receptor and decreases release and transmission of substance P. Mu 1-2, delta, kappa all at work but opioids mostly mu2
29
Larynx motor
External superior- cricothyroid RLN- everything else
30
Larynx sensory
Internal superior- everything above vocal cords RLN- below vocal cords.
31
Laryngeal muscles
posterior cricaryetenoids- pull cords apart Lateral- adduct, bring together Cricothyroid- tenses vc. Thyroarytenoid- relaxes vocal cords
32
Movement of CSF
Choroid plexus, last vent, for amen Monroe, third ventricle, aqueduct of sylvius, 4th ventricle, foramen Lushka/ magendie, SAS, brain, arachnoid villi
33
SSEP- posterior spinal arteries
Touch, pressure, vibration Dorsal cord, cuneatus, gracilis Ascend ipsalateral side cross at brainstem
34
Antero-lateral | Or spinothalamic
Ascending | Perish to the rexed laminae, cross over spinal cord and ascend tract of lissauer
35
Dorsolateral funiculus
Descends, modulates pain Perivent and periaquaductal to the substantia gelatinosa, enkephalins modulate substance p.
36
Parasympathetic CNs
3,7,9,10
37
Median nerve innervates
Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmar is long us Flexor digitorium
38
Not In liver
3,4,8
39
Cryo contains
1,8,13
40
Intrinsic pathway
11,12,9,8
41
Extrinsic
3,7
42
Common
1,2,5,10,13
43
Osmolality
Sodium concentration is 90% of osmolality of ECF NORMAL is 270-310 mosm

Board Review (5 decks)

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