A&P

Question 1

broca’s area

Answer 1

gives ability to speak

Question 2

wernicke’s area

Answer 2

gives ability to understand speech

Question 3

expressive aphasia

Answer 3

damaged broca’s area

Question 4

receptive aphasia

Answer 4

damaged wernicke’s area

Question 5

function of oculomotor (CN3)

Answer 5

eye muscle movements except what CN 4 and 6 do

opens eyelids

convergence and accommodation

pupillary control

Question 6

function of trochlear (CN4)

Answer 6

eye muscle movements via superior oblique (turns eye down and out)

Question 7

function of trigeminal (CN5)

Answer 7

sensory innervation of the three sections of the face (opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular)

motor fibers of mastication

Question 8

function of abducens (CN6)

Answer 8

motor fibers of lateral rectus nerve to move the eye laterally

Question 9

function of facial (CN7)

Answer 9

facial expressions

anterior 2/3 taste

facial secretions (tears, saliva, rhinorrhea)

Question 10

function of vestibulochochlear (CN 8)

Answer 10

sense of hearing and sense of equilibrium

Question 11

function of glossopharyngeal (CN 9)

Answer 11

posterior 1/3 taste and sensation

swallowing via innervation of the sylopharyngeus (elevates the pharynx during swallowing)

chemoreceptors in carotid body (regulates RR and depth by checking O2 and CO2 levels)

baroreceptors in carotid sinus (regulate BP)

Question 12

function of vagus (CN 10)

Answer 12

parasumpathetic innervation of heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen, liver, colon, stomach, s. intestines

Question 13

function of accessory (CN 11)

Answer 13

motor function of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Question 14

function of hypoglossal (CN 12)

Answer 14

motor function of tongue

Question 15

epidural bleeds occur where in the meninges

Answer 15

superior/superficial to the dura mater

Question 16

subdural bleeds occur where in the meniges

Answer 16

deep to the dura mater

Question 17

how do nasal infections cause neurological problems

Answer 17

nose drains into the cavernous sinus of the posterior area of the nasal sinuses and into the brain –> makes infections of brain easy

Question 18

how many cervical nerves

Answer 18

8 (7 cervical vertebrae)

Question 19

how many thoracic nerves

Answer 19

12

Question 20

how many lumbar nerves

Answer 20

5 (LP is between 3 &4)

Question 21

how many sacral nerves

Answer 21

5

Question 22

what’s the conus medullaris and where is it

Answer 22

end of the spinal cord at L1 (L2 if a child)

Question 23

what is cauda equina

Answer 23

spine nerves and roots from the conus medullaris

Question 24

afferent neurons are…

Answer 24

the neurons of the afferent division of the PNS

responsible for body’s perception of senses of outside world feeding into the brain

Question 25

Afferent neurons run on the ____ and are responsible for detection of ____. These neurons decussate at ___.

Answer 25

anterolateral tract detect pain/temp decussate at spinal cord level at corresponding nerve root for the stimulus

Question 26

Afferent neurons can also run on a second tract called the ___. This tract is responsible for ____. These neurons decussate at ___.

Answer 26

Dorsal column tract resonsible for 2-point discrimination, pressure, vibration, joint position sense (proprioception of the body) decussate at medulla

Question 27

synapse order for the dorsal column system

Answer 27

reception of stimulus travels to spinal cord enters medulla oblongata and synapses post-synaptic neuron decussates at medulla oblongata and travels to thalamus that neuron (third) synapses in thalmus and then travels to the postcentral gyrus for cognitive recognition

Question 28

synapse order for the anterolateral system

Answer 28

reception of stimulus travels to spinal cord synapses in at that nerve root and decussates this second order neuron travels to medulla oblongata to the thalamus synapses in thalamus and sends the third order neuron to the post central gyrus

Question 29

What sensations decussate at the spinal cord level (anterolateral tract)?

Answer 29

pain temp coarse touch

Question 30

What sensations decussate at the medulla oblongata level (dorsal column tract)?

Answer 30

fine touch vibration proprioception

Question 31

injury to the right side that causes neurological damage will result in ____ on the right side (ipslateral) and ____ on the left side (contralateral).

Answer 31

Loss of function on the right side. Loss of proprioception and vibration on the right side. Loss of pain and temperature sensations on the left side.

Question 32

Problems with upper motor neurons (of primary motor cortex) result in ____.

Answer 32

hyperreflexia

Question 33

Problems with lower motor neurons (of peripheral) result in ____.

Answer 33

areflexia

Question 34

What causes neurotransmitters to be released? a. Acetylcholine b. Potassium c. Norepinephrine d. Sodium e. Calcium

Answer 34

e. Calcium

Question 35

During an action potential, what causes the cell surface to become more positive? a. Potassium entering the cell b. Sodium entering the cell c. Na/K pump d. Potassium leaving the cell e. Sodium leaving the cell

Answer 35

b. Sodium entering the cell

Question 36

What cranial nerve allows the eye to look toward the ipsilateral ear? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 e. 7

Answer 36

d. 6

Question 37

A 77 year old patient being treated for Afib with Coumadin sustains a falls. Her initial evaluation after the fall is normal but 48 hours later she is confused and ataxic. What’s the most likely Dx? a. Subarachnoid hemorrhage b. Subdural hemorrage c. Ischemic Stroke d. Epidural hemorrhage e. TIA

Answer 37

b. Subdural hemorrage

Question 38

A DOC offender is shanked in the back. The knife cuts the right side of the spinal cord leaving the left side intact. Given this scenario which of the following are true? a. Loss of movement (paralysis) on the left b. Loss of two point discrimination on the left c. Loss of pain sensation of the left d. Loss of proprioception of the left e. Loss of fine movement of the left

Answer 38

c. Loss of pain sensation of the left

Question 39

What receptor is on the postsynaptic neuron? a. N-receptor b. M2-receptor c. β2-receptor d. α1-receptor e. α2-receptor

Answer 39

a. N-receptor

Question 40

A man sustains a complete spinal cord injury at L5. Given your vast knowledge of A&P, which of the following would you expect to find to be true? a. He cannot obtain an erections b. He has lost his ability to ejaculate c. Loss of temperature sensation only on the right d. Loss of pain sensation only on the left e. Loss of pain sensation only on the right

Answer 40

a. He cannot obtain an erections