A&P - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
(73 cards)
Principle of Complementarily
Function is dependent on structure and the form of a structure relates to its function.
4 types of tissue
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
Homeostasis
Defined as the ability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment regardless of external environmental changes.
Rising blood glucose level
High blood glucose level detected by insulin-secreting cells of pancreas. Insulin-secreting cells of pancreas stimulated to release insulin into the blood. Most body cells take up more glucose. Liver takes up glucose and stores it as glycogen. Blood glucose level declines to a set point; stimulus for insulin release diminishes and body returns to homeostasis.
Declining blood glucose level
Low blood glucose level detected by glucagon-releasing cells of pancreas. Glucagon-releasing cells of pancreas stimulated to release glucagon into the blood; target is the liver. Liver breaks down glycogen stores and releases glucose to the blood. Blood glucose level rises to set point; stimulus for glucagon release diminishes and body returns to homeostasis.
Body cavities
Are spaces within the body that are closed to the outside and contain the internal organs.
Ventral cavity
Contains the body organs (viscera) and is subdivided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Dorsal cavity
Is subdivided into the cranial and vertebral cavities.
Serous membranes (Name the 2 layers and what they cover) (Name all 3 and what they cover)
Cover the inner walls of the ventral cavity and the outer surfaces of organs within. Parietal part - lines the inside wall of the cavity. Visceral part - covers the outer surface of the organs. Pleura - lines pleural cavity and outer surface of lung. Peritoneum - lines the abdominal cavity. Pericardium - covers the outside of the heart.
2 categories of membranes
Epithelial membranes and connective tissue membranes.
3 types of epithelial membranes
Cutaneous - cover body surfaces that are exposed to the external environment. Serous - Line closed body cavities. Mucous - Line body surfaces which open directly to the exterior. They produce a film of mucus.
Synovial membrane
An example of connective tissue membrane which lines joint cavities.
Mediastinum
Contains the heart.
Pleural cavities
Right contains right lung. Left contains left lung.
Diaphragm
Prime skeletal muscle for respiration. Separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity.
Anatomical position
The body is erect, palms face forward, and thumbs point away from the body.
Superior/Interior
Superior (more towards the head)
Proximal/distal
Proximal (beginning or closer to attachment point)
Lateral/medial
Lateral (away from the mid-line)
Superficial/deep
Superficial (towards the outside of body)
Axial region
The head, neck, and trunk. (central part of body)
Appendicular region
Upper and lower limbs. (arms and legs)
Mouth
Oral
Nose
Nasal
