A&P - Biochemistry

Question 1

4 elements that make up 96% of our body weight

Answer 1

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen.

Question 2

Atomic number

Answer 2

Number of protons.

Question 3

Atomic mass

Answer 3

Some of the masses of all of an elect’s protons and neutrons.

Question 4

Half-life

Answer 4

Is the amount of time for half of the atoms to disintegrate.

Question 5

How many bonds to H, O, N, and C form?

Answer 5

H forms 1
O forms 2
N forms 3
C forms 4

Question 6

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Give charge and state if it has weight

Answer 6

Proton - positive charge, small mass
Neutron - neutral charge, same mass as proton
Electron - negative charge, no mass

Question 7

Cation

Answer 7

Positively charged ion.

Question 8

Anion

Answer 8

Negatively charged ion.

Question 9

Shell 1 can hold a max of how many electrons?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

Octet rule

Answer 10

All other shells hold a max of 8 electrons.

Question 11

3 types of bonds

Answer 11

Ionic, covalent, and hydrogen

Question 12

Ionic bond

Answer 12

A bond that is formed by gaining or losing electrons.

Question 13

Covalent bond

Answer 13

A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons.

Question 14

Hydrogen bond

Answer 14

From between water molecules as well as between other strongly polar molecules.

Responsible for the high surface tension of water.

Responsible for the 3D shape of proteins and DNA.

Exists between negatively charged oxygen and positively charged hydrogen.

Question 15

Electrolytes

Answer 15

Acids, bases, salts

Question 16

Acids

Answer 16

Yield hydrogen ions and are proton donors.

Question 17

Bases

Answer 17

Absorb hydrogen ions and are proton acceptors.

Question 18

Acids and bases _____ each other.

Answer 18

neutralize

Question 19

Buffers

Answer 19

Resist large fluctuations in pH.

Question 20

Strong acids completely _________ in water.

Answer 20

dissociate

Question 21

pH

Answer 21

acid

Question 22

pH > 7

Answer 22

base

Question 23

pH = 7

Answer 23

distilled water

Question 24

Organic compounds

Answer 24

Carbon containing compounds that have C-C or C-H bonds.

Question 25

4 kinds of organic compounds

Answer 25

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 26

Pathogen

Answer 26

An infectious organism that causes diseases.

Question 27

Carbohydrates

Answer 27

This group of molecules includes sugars and starches.

Question 28

All carbohydrates contain ______, _________, and _______ in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Answer 28

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 29

Major function of carbohydrates.

Answer 29

To provide energy for cellular work.

Question 30

Monosaccharides

Answer 30

Simple sugars with 5 (pentose) or 6 (hexose) carbons in a single ring structure.

Question 31

Examples of 6 carbon sugars. (3)

Answer 31

Glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Question 32

Examples of 5 carbon sugars. (2)

Answer 32

Deoxyribose and ribose.

Question 33

Disaccharides

Answer 33

Formed when two monosaccharides are joined in a chemical reaction called dehydration synthesis.

Question 34

Polysaccharides

Answer 34

Long chains of monosaccharides linked together by dehydration synthesis.

Question 35

Important disaccharides. (3)

Answer 35

Lactose, sucrose, and maltose.

Question 36

Where is glycogen stored?

Answer 36

In the liver and in the skeletal muscle tissue.

Question 37

Which two monosaccharides combine through dehydration synthesis to form sucrose?

Answer 37

Glucose + fructose

Question 38

Which two monosaccharides combine through dehydration synthesis to form maltose?

Answer 38

Glucose + glucose

Question 39

Which two monosaccharides combine through dehydration synthesis to form lactose?

Answer 39

Galactose + glucose

Question 40

Cellulose

Answer 40

Non-digestive plant starch.

Question 41

Hydrolysis

Answer 41

Larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules in a process called hydrolysis, literally to "break with water."

Question 42

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 42

Amino acids

Question 43

Types of lipids. (3)

Answer 43

Neutral fats, phospholipids, and steroids.

Question 44

Neutral fats (triglycerides)

Answer 44

Called fats when solid at room temperature and oils when liquid at room temperature. They are used for energy storage and pad and protect organs.

Question 45

Triglycerides are made up of ________ and __________________.

Answer 45

glycerol and three fatty acids.

Question 46

Saturated (solid)

Answer 46

Made of all single carbon bonds.

Question 47

Unsaturated (liquid)

Answer 47

Has of one or more Carbon double bonds.

Question 48

Phospholipids have a ________ head and a _________ tail.

Answer 48

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic.

Question 49

Steroids

Answer 49

Are all made from cholesterol.

Question 50

Which gland manufactures important hormones?

Answer 50

Adrenal

Question 51

Aldosterone

Answer 51

Regulates water and salt balance in the body. Makes kidney reabsorb water and salt from urine.

Question 52

Cortisol

Answer 52

Regulates body in times of stress.

Question 53

Which organic molecules are the most readily and used source of cellular fuel?

Answer 53

Carbohydrates

Question 54

Sucrose is classified as a __________.

Answer 54

disaccharide

Question 55

Glucose is classified as a ______________.

Answer 55

monosaccharide

Question 56

A chemical reaction in which two smaller molecule unite to form a larger molecule (with the loss of water) is called _______ __________.

Answer 56

dehydration synthesis

Question 57

A solution with a pH of 3 is considered ________ (acidic, alkaline).

Answer 57

acidic

Question 58

The molecules important in cell membranes include __________ and ___________.

Answer 58

phospholipids and cholesterol.