A & P chpt 3 vocab

Question 1

cells with specialized characteristics

Answer 1

differentiated

Question 2

three major parts of a cell

Answer 2

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

Question 3

a liquid in a cytoplasm

Answer 3

cytosol

Question 4

allows the cell to receive and respond from incoming messages

Answer 4

signal transduction

Question 5

cytoplasm contains abundant protein rods and tubules that form a supportive framework

Answer 5

cytoskeleton

Question 6

Tiny spherical structures composed of protein and RNA.

Answer 6

ribosomes

Question 7

A complex organelle composed of membrane-bound flattened sacs, elongated canals, and fluid-filled vesicles. These parts are interconnected.

Answer 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

membranous sacs that vary in size and contents.

Answer 8

vesicles

Question 9

a stack of half a dozen or so flattened membranous sacs called cisternae.

Answer 9

golgi apparatus

Question 10

are elongated, fluid filled sacs. They often move slowly in the cytoplasm and can divide. They contain a small amountof DNA.

Answer 10

mitochondria

Question 11

The mitochondrion captures and transfers this newly released energy into special chemical bonds of this molecule

Answer 11

adenosine triphosphate

Question 12

the garbage disposal of the cell, where enzymes dismantle debris.

Answer 12

lyosomes

Question 13

membranous sacs that resemble lysosmes in size and shape.

Answer 13

peroxisomes

Question 14

a structure located near the nucleus. It is nonmembranous and consists of 2 cylinders called centrioles, built of tubelike structures called microtubules organized as nine groups of three.

Answer 14

centrosome

Question 15

motile extensions of certain cells. they consist of nine grops of three mocrotublules with two additional microtubials in the center, forming a distict cylindrical pattern.

Answer 15

cilia and flagella

Question 16

two types of threadlike structures in the cytoplasm. They are distinguished by protein type, diameter, and how they assemble.

Answer 16

microfilaments and microtubules

Question 17

consists oof an inner and outer lipid bilayer membrane. These two membranes have a narrow space between them, but are joined at places that ssurround openings called nuclear pores.

Answer 17

nuclear envelope

Question 18

small dense body largely composed of RNA and protein

Answer 18

nucleolus

Question 19

consists of loosely coiled fibers in the nuclear fluid.

Answer 19

chromatin

Question 20

Chromatin is theh material that becomes organized and compacted to form these.

Answer 20

chromosomes

Question 21

the tendency of atoms, molecules, and ions in a liquied or air solution to move from areas of higher concentrationto areas of lower concentration.

Answer 21

diffusion

Question 22

the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane into a compartment sontaining solute that cannot cross the same membrane.

Answer 22

osmosis