A&P cont

Question 1

A primary function of organ systems is to increase the rate of diffusion.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In order to be healthy all extracellular variables in the body must be stable in all situations.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Reflexes can be feedforward.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Feedforward regulation is usually beneficial to the organism.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Parturition (giving birth) is an example of

Answer 5

Positive feedback

Question 6

Which of the following organ systems has the smallest role in homeostasis?

Answer 6

Reproductive systems

Question 7

Which is most common in the body?

Answer 7

Negative feedback

Question 8

Cholesterol in the plasma membrane tends to

Answer 8

decrease membrane fluidity

Question 9

A single protein can bind to many different ligands

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Ligand-protein interactions can be covalent.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Homeostasis is concerned with maintaining a constant

Answer 11

extracellular environment

Question 12

The smallest structure in an organ that performs the primary function of that organ and repeats many times throughout the organ is called a __________ __________.

Answer 12

functional unit

Question 13

The higher the KD for a protein-ligand interaction the

Answer 13

lower the protein’s affinity for the ligand

Question 14

What kind of proteins holds cells close together/attaches cells to each other?

Answer 14

cadherins

Question 15

According to the _________________ model, proteins move freely along the membrane plane and are not anchored in one spot.

Answer 15

fluid-mosaic

Question 16

What is the name for all of the sugar moeities attached to the extracellular side of membrane proteins that plays an important role in cell recognition?

Answer 16

glycocalyx

Question 17

Which two types of intercellular communication require direct cell-to-cell contact?

Answer 17

gap junctions

juxtracrine communication

Question 18

A protein may have covalent modulation or allosteric modulation, but not both.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

All enzymes are proteins.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

If a reaction is reversable, and the concentration of a substrate/reactant decreases, then the rate of the _________________ reaction will increase.

Answer 20

reverse

Question 21

If a solute takes 1 second to reach diffusion equilibrium over 10 micrometers, how long would it take to reach diffusion equilibrium over 10 centimeters?

Answer 21

1-9 years

Question 22

In the body, what is the solvent that the solutes are dissolved in? (related to diffusion)

Answer 22

water

Question 23

Which is faster?

Answer 23

movement of chemical species through channels

Question 24

Transport of chemical species from _____________________________ requires the use of ATP directly or indirectly.

Answer 24

low concentration to high concentration

Question 25

The sodium-potassium pump

Answer 25

pumps potassium into the cell and sodium out of the cell

Question 26

If solute concentration is high, water concentration is

Answer 26

low

Question 27

What is the name of the channel that allows water to move across the plasma membrane.

Answer 27

aquaporin

Question 28

Protein receptors for intercellular messengers have the same four characteristics of protein binding sites (chemical specificity, saturation, affinity, and competition).

Answer 28

True

Question 29

The number of protein receptors in the plasma membrane of a cell is very stable over time.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Intercellular messengers that bind to intracellular receptors are

Answer 30

lipophilic

Question 31

The JAK protein often phosphorylates what transcription factor as discussed in lecture?

Answer 31

STAT

Question 32

What was the general name given in lecture for drugs that can bind to a protein receptor but do not activate signal transduction.

Answer 32

antagonist

Question 33

isotonic

Answer 33

300 mOsm np solutes

Question 34

hypotonic

Answer 34

under 300 Mosm np solutes

Question 35

hyperotnic

Answer 35

over 300 mOsm np solutes

Question 36

isoosmotic

Answer 36

300 mOsm np and p solutes

Question 37

hypoosmotic

Answer 37

under 300 mOsm np and p solutes

Question 38

hyperosmotic

Answer 38

over 300 mOsm np and p solutes

Question 39

basolateral faces

Answer 39

interstitial fluid

Question 40

apical faces

Answer 40

away form interstitial fluid