A & P Lecture Ch. 2, 3, and 4 Flashcards
(34 cards)
primarily 3 elements (by weight) make up all living things:
oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen
atoms made of:
protons, neutrons, and electrons
ionic bonding
physical exchange of an electron from one atom to another
ionic bonding
results in the production of a cation (positive charge) and anion (negative charge). the resulting atoms are electrically attracted to each other
covalent bonds
result from the sharing of electrons between atoms
single covalent bonds
share one pair of electrons
double covalent bonds
share two pairs of electrons
triple covalent bonds
share three pairs of electrons: very strong
the most electronegative atom in a compound will draw the
electron density
electrons equally shared
non-polar covalent bond
electrons not equally shared
polar covalent bond
nonpolar molecules move into cells more easily than
polar molecules
hydrogen bonding
weak bond that occurs between a hydrogen atom attached to a very electronegative atom (usually oxygen or nitrogen) and another molecule
hydrogen
slightly positive
other atom
slightly negative
hydrogen bonding is involved in:
protein folding, holding DNA strands together, dispersing heat (evaporative sweating), and much more
cohesion
tendency of water molecules to cling together
adhesion
tendency of water molecules to cling to other molecules
thermal stability
high heat capacity takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature of water
solvency
water is a powerful solvent
water is considered the:
universal solvent
water can dissolve molecules that are:
hydrophilic (polar)
nonpolar/ hydrophobic molecules
do not dissolve in water
acids
release hydrogen ions (H+) “proton donors”
