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A & P Lecture Ch. 1-6 > Ch. 1 Lecture > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Lecture Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

anatomy

A

the study of structure

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2
Q

physiology

A

the study of function

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3
Q

physiology emerges from

A

anatomy

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4
Q

anatomical structures in isolation are not meaningful without

A

physiological processes

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5
Q

why should we study anatomy and physiology

A

to understand how we work, to define and create human health and vitality, and to define and treat disease

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6
Q

ways to study anatomy

A

by looking at it (inspection), physical examinations, dissections of cadavers, use of comparative anatomy, and medical imaging

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7
Q

if no tool is needed, you’re observing

A

gross anatomy

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8
Q

microscopic anatomy includes

A

histology and cytology

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9
Q

histology

A

the study of all tissues

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10
Q

cytology

A

individual cells

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11
Q

palpation

A

feeling with the hands

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12
Q

auscultation

A

listening to the body

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13
Q

percussion

A

tapping on the body

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14
Q

comparative anatomy

A

comparing to another species

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15
Q

medical imaging

A

methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery, radiology

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16
Q

understanding physiology depends on knowing

A

anatomy

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17
Q

subdivision of physiology deal with

A

specific body systems

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18
Q

physiology is often focused on events at

A

cellular and molecular levels

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19
Q

reductionism

A

bottom-up approach, understanding the PARTS will help you understand how the body works

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20
Q

holism

A

top-down approach, “we are more than just a sum of our parts”

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21
Q

you are as different on the inside as you are on the

A

outside

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22
Q

some people lack a

A

palmaris longus and plantaris muscle

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23
Q

the average number of lumbar vertebrae is 5, some people have

A

4 or 6

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24
Q

kidney position, blood supply, and drainage

A

can vary

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25
blood vessels
are highly variable in number and position
26
physiology varies with:
sex, age, weight, diet, degree of physical activity, environment, etc..
27
inspection
simply looking at the body's appearance
28
dissection
carefully cutting and separating tissues to reveal their relationship
29
cadaver
a dead human body
30
exploratory surgery
opening the body and taking a look inside to see what was wrong and what could be done about it
31
Ultrastructure
refers to fine detail, down to the molecular level, revealed by the electron microscope
32
comparative physiology
the study of how different species have solved problems of life such as water balance, respiration, and reproduction
33
histopathology
branch of medicine that studies tissues for disease
34
structural hierarchy
atom, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
35
organism
a single, complete individual
36
the urinary system is an example of
organ system
37
the smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life
cell
38
tissue
a group of cells working together for a common function
39
organelles are composed of
molecules
40
organ system
a group of organs with a unique collective function
41
organ
a structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function
42
what structure encloses a human cell and controls the traffic of molecules in and out of the cell
nuclear envelope
43
plasma membrane
44
the name for a structure that is specialized to detect a stimulus is a(n)
receptor
45
blood pressure is controlled by what kind of feedback
negative
46
an integrating center
processes information
47
what is the cell or organ that directly carries out a response to a stimulus called
effector
48
what part of a feedback mechanism processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of action
integrating center
49
physiology attempts to _______________ inside the body
maintain a balance of conditions
50
dynamic equilibrium
around a set point
51
feedback mechanisms typically rely on three parts:
receptor, control center, effector
52
negative feedback
deviation from set point is detected and the deviation is corrected. when set point is reached, the mechanism stops
53
positive feedback
self-amplifying cycle in which the deviation from the set point gives rise to further deviation from the set point
54
sagittal section
pov from side
55
frontal section
pov from front
56
transverse section
pov from cut in half
57
anterior
toward the ventral side (front)
58
posterior
toward the dorsal side (back)
59
rostral
rostral
60
superior
above
61
inferior
below
62
medial
toward the median plane
63
lateral
away from the median plane
64
proximal
closer to the point of attachment or origin
65
distal
farther from the point of attachment or origin
66
ipsilateral
on the same side of the body
67
contralateral
on opposite sides of the body
68
superficial
closer to the body surface
69
deep
farther from the body surface
70
the terms distal/proximal are preferred in the _____ over superior/inferior
limbs
71
the terms superior/inferior are preferred in the _____ of the body over distal/proximal
trunk
72
two major body regions:
axial and appendicular
73
axial
head, neck, and trunk
74
neck
cervical
75
trunk
made of thoracic and abdominal regions
76
appendicular upper limb
arm, forearm, wrist, hand, fingers
77
arm
brachial
78
forearm
antebrachial
79
wrist
carpal
80
hand
manual
81
fingers & toes
digits
82
appendicular lower limb
thigh, leg, ankle, foot, toes
83
thigh
femoral
84
leg
crural
85
ankle
tarsal
86
foot
pedal
87
dorsal body cavity
cranial and vertebral
88
ventral body cavity
thoracic and abdominopelvic
89
thoracic cavity
right and left pleural cavities separated by mediastinum and pericardial
90
cranial cavity
brain
91
vertebral canal
spinal cord
92
pleural cavity
lungs
93
pericardial cavity
heart
94
abdominal cavity
digestive organs, spleen, kidneys
95
pelvic cavity
bladder, rectum, reproductive organs
96
serous membranes
cover the organs of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
97
parietal serosa
covers the wall of the cavity
98
visceral serosa
covers the organs
99
mesentery
visceral peritoneum that suspends/anchors an organ
100
serosa
visceral peritoneum that encircles the outer surface of organs (like stomach and intestine)
101
greater and lesser omentum
fatty extension of visceral peritoneum that lies on the anterior surface of the organs (unattached)

A & P Lecture Ch. 1-6 (3 decks)

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