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micro lab 3 7-9 > A + P NERVOUS SYSTEM LECTURE > Flashcards

A + P NERVOUS SYSTEM LECTURE Flashcards

1
Q

When a hyperpolarization occurs the membrane potential is getting farther away from threshold and this is referred to as

A

an IPSP

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2
Q

Which type of channel protein passively moves ions when membrane potential changes?

A

voltage-gated channels

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3
Q

Which of the following channel proteins is an example of active transport?

A

sodium potassium pump

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4
Q

A strong stimulus will result in a _________________ of action potentials.

A

high frequency

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5
Q

During the initiation of an action potential in an area of excitable membrane, which of the following does NOT occur?

A

Potassium channels open to increase the level of depolarization attained by the membrane

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6
Q

Schwann cells →

A

insulation for cells in the PNS,

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7
Q

astrocyte →

A

make up the blood-brain barrier

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8
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

insulation for cells in the CNS,

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9
Q

microglia

A

resident immune cell in the brain

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10
Q

ependymal cells

A

secrete and move cerebral spinal fluid

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11
Q

satellite cels

A

protection from heavy metals

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12
Q

The sodium-potassium pump moves _____________ sodiums ________ the cell.

A

3 - out of

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13
Q

Which primary vesicle of the embryonic nervous system does not differentiate into more vesicles at the secondary stage?

A

mesencephalon

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14
Q

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that follows a threshold potential:

1 - the membrane becomes depolarized

2 - sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward

3 - the membrane becomes repolarized

4 - potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward

A

2,1,4,3

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15
Q

When threshold is reached at the axon hillock and an action potential is generated, this was caused by what type of potential?

A

EPSP

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16
Q

The division of the nervous system that is involved in “rest and digest” is the ___________.

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT going ot effect the speed of an action potential?

A

the number of astrocytes

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18
Q

When the voltage gated sodium channels are closed and the potassium channels are open, the axon is experiencing ____________.

A

repolarization

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19
Q

What type of glial cell is responsible for filtering blood?

A

astrocyte

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20
Q

What is the name of the cell that is responsbile for transmitting the signal to the next cell?

A

presynaptic cell

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21
Q

A frequency modulated nervous system means that

A

the number of action potentials produced is dependent on the strength of the stimuluS

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22
Q

During depolarization, which of the following statements about voltage-gated ion channels is TRUE

A

Na+ gates open while K+ gates remain closed

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23
Q

The speed at which an action potential is transmitted depends on __________.

A

the myelination and diameter of the axon

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24
Q

Which of these cells are not a type of neuroglia found in the CNS?

A

Schwann cells

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25
Which of the following is NOT true concerning ganglia?
occur in the CNS
26
Which of the following statements about graded potentials is INCORRECT?
The effect of graded depolarization is spread actively as ATP is required to open channels.
27
Which direction do sodium ions move through leak channels?
from outside to inside the cell
28
Which of the following will propagate the fastest action potentials?
Type A neurons
29
What substance binds to ligand gated channels?
neurotransmitter
30
Depolarization occurs because
more Na+ diffuse into the cell than K+ diffuse out of it
31
A nerve impulse involves ____________ across a neuron's plasma membrane.
both a and b
32
A subthreshold stimulus causes a neuron’s membrane potential to rise to −60 mV. Which of the following is NOT going to occur?
action potential, inhibition of action potential due to hyperpolarization
33
When the action potential arrives at the axon terminal ______________________.
calcium ions move into the cell through voltage gated calcium ion channels
34
Which part of the nervous system is responsible initiating reflexes and is a pathway for neurons?
spinal cord
35
Which of the following is NOT a characteritic of a graded potential?
is an "all or none" type of potential
36
What part of the neuron initiates the action potential if threshold is reached?
axon hillock
37
What is the function of acetylcholinesterase?
breaks acetylcholine down in the synapse
38
Which channel proteins are responsible for maintaing the charge difference of a resting neuron?
leak ion channels
39
What is the name for a bundle of axons within the CNS?
tract
40
The effects of the symapthetic nervous system are essentially opposite of the
parasympathetic nervous system
41
A resting neuron has a _____________ charge inside the cell and a ______________ charge outside the cell.
negative, positive
42
During what part of action potential is the neruon completely insensitive to an stimuls and therefore incapable of producing another action potential?
absolute refractory period
43
The intensity of the stimulus is directly related to the ___________ of the action potentials produced.
frequency
44
Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell?
potassium
45
Hyperpolarization occurs when
potassium ions move out of the cell through voltage gated channels
46
Which one of these effectors is NOT direclty controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
skeletal muscle
47
Put the following in the correct sequence from incoming signal to movement
1,2,4,3,5
48
The primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction is
acetlycholine
49
When the action potential arrives at the axon terminal ______________________.
calcium ions move into the cell through voltage gated calcium ion channels
50
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the
autonomic nervous system
51
Which adult structure(s) arises from the diencephalon?
thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland
52
The refractory period occurs __________.
from the time an action potential begins until the normal resting potential has stabilized
53
Which of the following does NOT describe a synapse?
the point where neurotransmitters are assembled
54
Afferent neurons are called _________ neurons, and motor neurons are called ___________ neurons.
sensory; efferent
55
Cell bodies of hte sensory neurons of the spinal cord are located in
the dorsal root ganglion
56
The axon of a neuron is more permeable to which ion?
potassium
57
During what part of action potential is the neruon completely insensitive to an stimuls and therefore incapable of producing another action potential?
absolute refractory period
58
Which of the following is NOT true concerning ganglia?
occur in the CNS
59
Summation refers to
EPSP's and IPSP's can be "added together" to produce a stronger or weaker graded potential
60
What region of the spinal cord contains motor neurons that direct the movement of skeletal muscles?
anterior horn
61
Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur at the post-synaptic side of a neuromuscular junction. 1. Action potential is propagated over the muscle cell membrane 2. Depolarization of the post-synaptic membrane 3. Sodium ions move into muscle cell
3,2,1
62
What is the resting membrane potential for a typical neuron?
: -70 mV
63
Saltatory transmission __________.
has all the listed characteristics

micro lab 3 7-9 (2 decks)

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