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a & p quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

study of structure/morphology of the human body and its parts; derived from greek for “a cutting up

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2
Q

physiology

A

the study of the functions of the human body and its parts; derived from greek for “realtionship to nature”

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3
Q

axial portion

A

head, neck, and trunl

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4
Q

appendicular portion

A

upper and lower libbers

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5
Q

cranial cavity

A

houses the brain

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6
Q

vertebral canal (spinal cavity)

A

contains spinal cord

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7
Q

thoracic cavity

A

houses lungs and thorasic viscera

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8
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

contains abdominal and pelvis viscera

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9
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

magnetic field changes alignment and spin of certain types of atoms; provides high-resolution images of internal structures, such as the brain

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10
Q

movement

A

change In position of the body or of a body part, motion of an internal organ

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11
Q

responsiveness

A

reaction to a change inside or outside the body

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12
Q

growth

A

increase in body size without change in shape

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13
Q

reproduction

A

production of new organisms and new cells

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14
Q

respiration

A

obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, releasing energy from foods (some forms of life do not use oxygen in respiration)

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15
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used

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16
Q

absorption

A

passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids

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17
Q

circulation

A

movement of substances in body fluids

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18
Q

assimilation

A

change o absorbed substances into different chemical forms

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19
Q

excretion

A

removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions

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20
Q

metabolism

A

all of the chemical reactions in an organism that supports life

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21
Q

homeostasis

A

the tendency of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes

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22
Q

homeostatic mechansims

A

self-regulating systems that monitor aspects of the internal environment and correct them as needed

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23
Q

receptor

A

detects and provides information about the stimuli

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24
Q

control center

A

decision-maker that maintains the set point

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25
effector
muscle or gland that responds to the control center, and causes the necessary change in the internal environment
26
negative feedback
effectors return conditions toward norma range, and the deviation for set point lessens
27
postive feedback
short lived- produces unstable conditions blood clotting and uterine contractions
28
diaphragm
muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
29
mediastinum
region between lungs in thoracic cavity, contains heart esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland
30
abdominal cavity
(abdominal cavity) extends from diaphragm to top of pelvis, and contains stomach, liver, spleen, kidneys, small intestine, and most of the large intestine
31
pelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity enclosed by pelvic bones and contains the end of the large intestine, urniary bladder, internal reproductive organs
32
thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are lined with
double layered serous membranes that secretes serous fluid
33
visceral layer
inner layer, which covers an organ
34
partial layer
outer layer, which lines wall of cavity
35
integumentary system
protection, body temperature regulation, sensory reception, production of Vitamin D
36
skeletal system
framework, protection attachment sites, storage of inorganic salts, production of blood cells, support and movement
37
muscular system
movement, main source of body heat, maintenance of posture
38
nervous and endocrine systems
integration and coordination of organ function through nerve impulses or hormones
39
cardiovascular system
transportation of gases, nutrients, blood cells and wastes
40
lymphatic system
transportation of fluids, lymphocyte production, body denfense
41
digestive system
receives food, breaks down food, extremes waste
42
respiratory system
exchange of gases
43
urinary system
removes blood wastes regulates electrolyte & water balance, blood pressure
44
reproductive system
male and female systems produce and transport sex cells
45
anatomical position
standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward
46
superior
aboce
47
inferior
below
48
anterior
toward the front
49
vental
toward thefront
50
posterior
toward the back
51
dorsal
toward the back
52
medial
toward the midline
53
lateral
away from midline
54
bilateral
paired structures; on both sides
55
ipsilateral
same side
56
contralateral
opposite side
57
proximal
close to point of attachment or trunk
58
distal
farther from point of attachment or trunl
59
superficial
close to body surface
60
deep
more internal
61
sagittal
longitudinal cut that divides the body into right and left portions
62
mid-sagittal/ median section
divides body into equal right and left portions
63
parasagittal section
sagitall section lateral to midline; divides body into unequal left and right portions
64
traverse or horizontal
divides body into superior and inferior portions
65
frontal or coronal
longitudinal cut that divides body into anterior and posterior portions
66
cross sections
cut in half
67
oblique section
cut /
68
longitudinal section
cut l l
69
digital
toe (anterior)
70
tarsal
ankle (anterior)
71
crural
leg (anterior
72
patellar
front of knee anterior
73
genital
external reproductive organs
74
digital
finger
75
palmar
palm
76
carpal
wrist
77
antebrachial
forearm
78
antecubital
front of elbow
79
brachial
arm
80
mammary
breast
81
axillary
armpit
82
acromial
point of shoulder
83
cervical
neck
84
oral
mouth
85
nasal
nose
86
otic
ear
87
cephalic
head
88
frontal
forehead
89
orbital
eye cavity
90
buccal
cheek
91
mental
chin
92
sternal
strenum
93
pectoral
anterior chest
94
umibilical
navel
95
inguinal
groin
96
coxal
hip
97
femoral
thigh
98
plantar
sole
99
calcaneal
heal
100
sural
calf
101
popliteal
back of knee
102
gluteal
buttocks
103
sacral
between the hips
104
lumar
lower back
105
cubital
elbow
106
brachial
arm
107
vertebral
spinal column
108
acromial
point of shoulder
109
occipital
back of head
110
what happens as one ages
hair loses pigment skin wrinles skin stiffens percentage of fats increase elevated blood presure evevated blood glucose tissues atrophy metabolic rate decreases cella reach end of cell divison decreased production of enzymes develop dementia/ Alzheimer disease
111

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