Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

New Visions > chem > Flashcards

chem Flashcards

(98 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

chemistry is concerned with

A

composition of substance and how they change in chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

biochemistry helps explain

A

physiological and disease processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

matter

A

anything that takes up space and has mass, matter is composed of element
-solids, liquids, and gases are matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

elements

A

simplest types of matter with certain chemical properties. 98 naturally occurring elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

atoms

A

smallest particles of an element that have properties of that element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bulk elements

A

required by the body in large amounts
-C, O, H, N,S, P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

trace elements

A

required by the body in small amounts
-Fe, I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ultratrace elements

A

required by the body in very minute amounts (AS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

atoms are composed of the subatomic particles of

A

protons, neutrons and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

protons

A

carry a single positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

neutrons

A

carry no electrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

electrons

A

Carry a single negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

nucleus is the

A

central part of the atom composed of protons and neutrons and the electrons orbit the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ion

A

particle, formed from awn atom, that is electrically charged because it has gained or lost one or more electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

molecule

A

particle formed by the chemical union of two or more atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a specific element that has its unique atomic number and the number of protons is equal to the number of electron in the atom
ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

atomic weight

A

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in one atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

isotopes

A

have the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

radioactive isotopes are

A

unstable, and release energy or atomic fragments (radiation) until they gain stability
-some used to detect and treat disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

atomic weight is often considered the average of…

A

the atomic weights of all of its isotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

radioactive iodine-131

A

used to destroy cancerous thyroid gland tissue, thyroid is the only part that actively transports and metabolizes iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

radiation (alpha, beta, and gamma) is called

A

ionizing radiation, engirt can remove electron from atoms, resulting in the formation ions , the free electrons damage nearby atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

compound

A

particle formed when two or more atoms of different elements chemically combine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

molecular formula

A

depict the elements present and the number of each atom present in the molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
electrons of an atom occupy regions of space called
electron shells (energy shells)
26
ion
an atom that gains or loses electrons to become stable and has an atom
27
cation
a positively charge ion that forms when an atom LOSES an electron
28
anion
a negatively charged ion that is formed when an atom GAINS electrons
29
ionic bond
forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another and the attraction between a cation and an anion forms vey strong bonds
30
covalent bond
strong chemical bond formed when toms star electrons equally
31
structural formulas
show how atoms bond and are arranged in various molecules -one line between atoms means that 1 pair of electrons are being shared (single bonds)
32
polar molecules
molecules with a slightly negative end and a slightly positive end unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond -water
33
hydrogen bond
a weak attraction between the slightly positive (H) end of the polar molecule and the slightly negative (N or O) end of another polar molecule
34
chemical reactions occur when
chemical bonds form or break between atoms, ions, or molecules
35
reactants
starting materials of a chemical reaction; the atoms, ions, or molecules
36
products
substance formed at the end of the chemical reactions
37
synthesis reaction
more complex structure is formed A+B =AB
38
decomposition reaction
chemical bonds are broken to form a simpler chemical structure AB= A+ B
39
exchange reaction
chemical bonds are broken and new bond are formed AB+ CD= AD+ CB
40
reversible reaction
the products can change back to the reactants A + B ------ AB
41
electrolytes
substances that release ions in water. The solution can conduct an electric current, so it is called and electrolyte
42
acids
electrolytes that dissociate to release hydrogen ions in water
43
bases
substances that release ions that can combine with hydrogen ions
44
salts
electrolytes formed by the reaction between an acid and a base
45
the higher the H+ concentration the
lower the pH and the higher the acidity
46
the Lower the H+ concentration
the higher the pH and the lower the acidity
46
normal range of blood pH
7.35- 7.45
47
acidosis
when blood pH drops to 7.0-7.3 caused by vominting of alkaline intestinal contents, diabetes, lung disease with impaired Co2 exhalation n
48
alkalosis
occurs when blood pH rises to 7.5- 7.8 caused by high altitude breathing, vomiting of acidic stomach contents, high fever, taking excess antacids
49
buffers
chemicals which act to regulate pH by binding or released H+ ions
50
organic molecules contains
C and H
51
water- soluble organic compounds do not
realize ions, and are non- electrolytes
52
what are examples of organic molecules
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
53
inorganic molecules generally do not contain
C and H
54
examples of inorganic molecules include
water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and inorganic salts
55
carbon dioxide
waste product release during metabolic reactions that must be removed from the body though exhaling
56
inorganic salts
abundant in body fluids and is the source of necessary ions such as Na+, CI-, K+, Ca+2 plays a role in metabolism helps control h2O concentration, pH, blood clotting, nerve and muscle processes
57
electrolyte balance exists when
gains equal losses `
58
carbohydrates are the
main source of cellular energy and supply materials to build cell structures, are water- soluble and contain C, H and )
59
monosaccarides
single sugars glucose and fructose `
60
disaccharides
double sugars sucrose and lactose
61
polysaccharides
complex carbohydrates stach, glycogen, cellulose
62
what is the function of carbohydrates?/
energy
63
lipids are insoluble in___ but soluble in
water, organic solvents
64
what do lipoids do
important component of the cell membrane
65
triglycerides
used for cellular energy and contain more energy per gram than carbohydrates
66
saturated fatty acids have a
single carbon-carbon bonds solid at room temperature animal origin
67
unsaturated fatty acids
one or more carbon- carbon double bond liquid at room temperature plant origin
68
a triglyceride is composed of ___ glycerol molecule and ____ fatty acids
1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids
69
phospholipids
consist of 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and 1 phosphate major component of cell membranes `
70
the heads of phospholipids are
water- soluble (HYDROPHILLIC)
71
the tails of phospholipids are
water- insoluble, hydrophobic
72
steroids are 4 connected rings of
carbon
73
steroids synthesize what hormones?
adrenal and sex hormones
74
what is the main steroid in the body?
cholesterol
75
proteins serve as
structural materials, energy source, hormones, receptors, enzymes and antibodies
76
what are the building blocks of proteins
amino acids
77
an amino acid contains an
amino (-NH2) group a carboxyl (COOH) group and a R (side chain) group
78
amino acids are bound together by
peptide bonds
79
peptide = how many amino acids?
2- 100
80
polypeptide= how many amino acids?
100- thousands without a specific function
81
proteins= how many amino acids?
100- thousands with a specific function
82
what are the six function of proteins
structure - hair, nails, and skin transport - hemoglobin chemical messengers - hormones, neurotransmitters movement - actin and myosin in skeletal muscle defense- antibodies catalyst- enzymes
83
primary structure of protein is the
amino acid sequence
84
secondary level of protein structures
pleated or twisted structure formed by hydrogen bonding between nonadjacent amino acids
85
tertiary protein structures
unique 3- dimensional folded shape of the protein
86
quaternary protein structures
formed by some proteins, when 2 or more polypeptide chains are connected to become 1 protein
87
what can denature a protein
extreme pH levels and temperature and harsh chemicals + high salt concentration
88
nucleic acids carry
genetic code (DNA) or aid in protein synthesis (RNA)
89
what are the building blocks of nucleic acids
nucleotides sugar, phosphate, and an organic base
90
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
a double chain of nucleotides
91
RNA (Ribonucleic acids)
single chain of nucleotides
92
DNA functions
stores genetic information contains sugar baseed a, t, c, g double standed/ double heliz sugar- deoxyribose
93
RNA function
interacts with DNA to conduct protein synthesis contains the sugar ribose bases, a,u,c,g single stranded
94
hydrophilic means
soluble in water
95
lipophilic means
soluble in lipids
96
computerized tomography (CT)
use to visualize internal anatomy uses X-rays to create a 3- dimensional image of soft tissues differentiates tissues with slightly different densities TUMORS
97
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
used radioactive isotopes that emit positrons to detect biochemical activity USED TO DECTED VARIOUS BRAIN DISORDERS, BLOOD FLOW, NORMAL BRAIN PHYSIOLOGY

New Visions (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions