A&P Quizzes Flashcards
1
Q
The human form shown upright, hands at the sides, palms forward, and feet together is in the ____ position.
A
Anatomical
2
Q
A person lying face down is in the ___ position.
A
Prone
3
Q
A person lying face up is in the ___ position.
A
Supine
4
Q
**The frontal plane divides the body into ___ and ___ portions.
A
Anterior, posterior
5
Q
The diaphragm separates the abdominopelvic and ___ cavities.
A
Thoracic
6
Q
The layer of the pericardium covering the heart is the ___ pericardium.
A
Visceral
7
Q
***The pericardium lies within the:
A
Mediastinum
8
Q
___ is the anatomical term meaning “toward an attached base.”
A
Proximal
9
Q
___ is an anatomical term meaning “above or at a higher level.”
A
Superior
10
Q
The term ___ means “the study of internal and external structures and the physical relationships between body parts.”
A
Anatomy
11
Q
___ is the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions.
A
Physiology
12
Q
The ___ level is comprised of the smallest stable units of matter.
A
Molecular
13
Q
___ are the smallest living units in the body.
A
Cells
14
Q
The pleural cavity surrounds what organ?
A
Lung
15
Q
Gross anatomy, or macroscopic anatomy, considers:
A
Features visible with the naked, or unaided eye
16
Q
T/F - The abdominal cavity can be divided into either four or nine regions.
A
True
17
Q
T/F - The axial skeleton includes all limbs and supporting bones and ligaments.
A
False
18
Q
T/F- Bone marrow acts as the primary site of red and white blood cell production.
A
True
19
Q
T/F - The pituitary gland controls other endrocine glands and regulates growth and fluid balance.
A
True
20
Q
T/F - The sagittal plane runs along the long axis of the body, extending anteriorly and posteriorly, and dividing the body into left and right portions.
A
True
21
Q
___ processes require the cell to expend energy to move ions or molecules across the cell membrane, usually in the form of ATP.
A
Active
22
Q
A(n) ___ is a subatomic particle with a negative charge.
A
Electron
23
Q
***___ are atoms or molecules with an electric charge.
A
Anions, ions, cations (all of the above)
24
Q
___ are chemical bonds created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations.
A
Ionic bonds
25
__ is stored energy.
Potential energy
26
___ are the essential elements and molecules obtained from the diet.
Nutrients
27
___ are compounds that stabilize pH by either removing or replacing hydrogen ions.
Buffers
28
Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are examples of:
Cations
29
What reaction breaks molecules into smaller fragments (for example, AB --> A + B)?
Decomposition reaction
30
Inorganic compounds do not contain hydrogen and ___ atoms.
Carbon
31
___ is a form of a decomposition reaction.
Catabolism, digestion, hydrolysis (all of the above)
32
___ is the net movement of molecules from an area of relatively high concentration to an area of relatively low concentration.
Diffusion
33
***What is the diffusion of water across a cell membrane called?
Osmosis
34
Which solution does not cause the net movement of water into or out of a red blood cell?
Isotonic
35
Which solution causes the movement of water into a red blood cell, causing it to swell and possibly lyse, or burst?
Hypotonic
36
***Which solution causes a red blood cell to lose water, causing the cell to shrink and dehydrate?
Hypertonic
37
***Glucose is passively transported across the cell membrane by binding it to a receptor site on a carrier protein in a process called:
Facilitated diffusion
38
***Lactated ringers and normal saline are examples of what type of IV fluid?
Crystalloid
39
The organelles that manufacture proteins, using information provided by the DNA of the nucleus, are called what?
Ribosomes
40
***What is an essential function of epithelial cells?
Control permeability, produce specialized secretions, provide physical protection (all of the above)
41
___ is an example of a connective tissue.
Blood, fat, bone (all of the above)
42
___ are responsible for engulfing damaged cells or pathogens that enter the tissue.
Macrophages
43
***___ are proteins that destroy invading microorganisms.
Antibodies
44
The watery matrix in blood is called:
Plasma
45
What type of muscle is also known as striated voluntary muscle because it is controlled by the nervous system and has a striated appearance?
Skeletal
46
___ is a brown, yellow-brown, or black pigment that accumulates in the epidermal cells.
Melanin
47
Reddish-purple blotches due to leakage of blood from an artery or vein are called:
Ecchymosis
48
___ is the medical condition characterized by the eruption of groups of vesicles along the dermatome of a sensory nerve.
Herpes zoster
49
The integument contains two types of exocrine glands, sweat and:
Sebaceous
50
***The primary function of merocrine sweat glands is what?
To cool the surface of the skin
51
***A blood clot consists mainly of an insoluble network of:
Fibrin
52
An ___ is an injury where a flap of skin and tissues are torn loose or torn off.
Avulsion
53
***Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
The production of red blood cells within the red marrow
54
***What is the expanded portion at each end of a long bone called?
Epiphyses
55
The outer surface of a bone is covered by a(n):
Periosteum
56
Which of the following plays an important part in normal calcium metabolism?
Vitamin D3
57
Which of the following works with parathyroid hormone (PTH) to elevate calcium levels in the body?
Calcitrol
58
***A partial displacement of a bone end from its position within a joint capsule is a what?
Subluxation
59
A ___ fracture has multiple bone fragments at the fracture site?
Comminuted
60
The pelvic girdle is included in what division of the skeleton?
Appendicular
61
The ___ connects the cranial cavity with the spinal cavity and has the spinal cord passing through it.
Foramen magnum
62
Which of the following is suspended below the skull and serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue, and pharynx?
Hyoid
63
What is the fibrous connective tissue connecting the bones of the skull at birth called?
Fontanels
64
The ___ is the projection on the atlas (C1) that forms a pivot joint with the axis (C2) to allow a person to rotate their head side to side?
Dens and odontoid process (both)
65
The superior portion of the sternum is called the what?
Manubrium
66
The arm, or brachium, contains what single bone?
Humerus
67
The head of the femur connects with what curved surface of the pelvis?
Acetabulum
68
Which of the following is a function of skeletal muscle?
To produce movement of the skeleton and To maintain body temperature (both)
69
***___ is the "key" that "unlocks" the active site of an actin molecule.
Calcium
70
***___ is the neurotransmitter or chemical released by a motor neuron to communicate with other cells.
Acetylcholine (ACh)
71
***Arm muscles, after being in a cast, can develop smaller and weaker muscle fibers in a condition called:
Atrophy
72
***The breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm of the cell is called:
Glycolysis
73
***The specialized sites that are contact between cardiac muscle cells are called what?
Intercalated discs
74
***The specialized cells that determine the timing of cardiac muscle contractions are called what?
Pacemaker cells
75
***Which muscle separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
Diaphragm
76
All neural tissue outside of the brain and spinal cord makes up which nervous system?
Peripheral
77
***Information is carried to the CNS by the ___ division, and motor commands are carried to the muscles and glands via the ___ division.
Afferent, efferent
78
___ increase(s) the speed at which action potential travels along the axon of an oligodendrocyte.
Myelin
79
Which of the following is an example of a demyelination disorder?
Heavy metal poisoning, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Multiple sclerosis (all of the above)
80
***What is a shift of membrane potential toward 0 mV called? An example is the entry of sodium into the cell.
Depolarization
81
*** is when a cell membrane cannot respond normally to further stimulation.
The refractory period
82
Synapses that release norepinephrine are called:
Adrenergic
83
The three layers of specialized membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord are the:
Meninges
84
Which region of the brain controls conscious thoughts, sensations, memory storage, and complex movements?
Cerebrum
85
The hypothalamus is connected to what gland, which is the primary link between the nervous system and endocrine system?
Pituitary
86
***Which region of the brain is responsible for control of autonomic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestive activities?
Medulla oblongata
87
***Which of the following is caused by an imbalance in the amount of CSF fluid produced and the rate at which it is absorbed?
Hydrocephalus
88
***The ___ division of the autonomic nervous system stimulates tissue metabolism, increases alertness, and prepares the body to deal with emergencies.
Sympathetic
89
***The stimulation of Beta 1 receptors causes which of the following?
An increase in cardiac contractility, an increase in heart rate, an increase in cardiac conduction (All of the above)
90
***The parasympathetic nervous system has nicotinic and ___ receptors.
Muscarinic
91
What are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system called?
Hormones
92
***The ___ provides the highest level of endocrine control by acting as an important link between the nervous system and endocrine systems.
Hypothalamus
93
The hormones released by the ___ control other endocrine glands.
Anterior pituitary gland
94
***Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin are produced by which gland?
Posterior pituitary gland
95
***What is the primary function of the antidiuretic hormone?
To decrease the amount of water lost in urine
96
The hormone that stimulates smooth muscle contractions during labor and delivery is:
Oxytocin
97
***What disease occurs when the kidneys cannot respond to ADH or there is an inadequate release of ADH into the body?
Diabetes insipidus
98
***Which corticosteroid affects the electrolyte composition of body fluids?
Aldosterone
99
Which of the following affects glucose metabolism?
Cortisol
100
Epinephrine is produced by which gland?
Adrenal medulla
101
The endocrine cells of which organ produce glucagon and insulin?
Pancreas
102
***The alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans produce which hormone?
Glucagon
103
***Which hormone is released by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow?
Erythropoietin
104
In a(n) ___ effect, one hormone must be present for another to work.
Permissive
105
A(n) ___ effect can result in two hormones having a net effect greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Synergistic
106
Blood reduces fluid loss at injury sites by which of the following?
Clotting
107
***What are special proteins that attack invading organisms called?
Antibodies
108
***What is the average pH of whole blood?
7.35 to 7.45
109
***Which of the following is the most abundant plasma protein and the one responsible for the osmotic pressure of plasma?
Albumin
110
Which plasma protein is responsible for antibodies and transport proteins?
Globulins
111
***Which plasma protein attacks foreign proteins and pathogens?
Immunoglobulins
112
***Which plasma protein is involved in blood clotting?
Fibrinogens
113
___ bind(s) and transport(s) carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Hemoglobin
114
***The ___ is the percentage of whole blood volume occupied by cellular elements.
Hematocrit
115
Which surface antigen on red blood cells determines blood type?
A, B, and Rh (All of the above)
116
***What is thrombocytopenia?
Low platelet count
117
Which chambers of the heart are associated with the pulmonary circuit?
Right ventricle, left atrium
118
What connective tissue divides the thoracic cavity into two pleural cavities and encloses the heart?
Mediastinum
119
The muscular wall of the heart is called the what?
Myocardium
120
***Which of the following is true of the foramen ovale?
Closes at birth, Penetrates the interatrial septum from the fifth week of embryonic development until birth, Allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium (All of the above)
121
***The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the:
Mitral valve, Bicuspid valve, Left arterioventricular valve (All of the above)
122
***The right coronary artery divides into what branches?
Marginal and posterior interventricular
123
***What is an area of dead tissue caused by an interruption in cardiac blood flow called?
Infarct
124
***The influx of ___ rapidly depolarizes the cardiac contractile cells.
Sodium
125
***The introduction of ___ initiates contraction during the plateau phase.
Calcium
126
***The normal rate of contraction is established by ___ cells, the nodal cells that reach threshold first.
Pacemaker
127
***___ form branching networks and are barely the diameter of a single red blood cell.
Capillaries
128
***Which layer of a blood vessel contains smooth muscle tissue?
Tunica media
129
***The formation of lipid deposits in the tunica media associated with damage to the endothelial lining is called what?
Atherosclerosis
130
***Which of the following controls the flow of blood into the capillary?
Precapillary sphincter
131
***___ is the formed tubule through which blood completely bypasses a capillary bed.
Arteriovenous anastomosis
132
***___ is the resistance to flow resulting from interactions among molecules and suspended materials in a liquid.
Viscosity
133
***___ is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures.
Pulse pressure
134
***Which of the following affects tissue perfusion?
Cardiac output, Blood pressure, Peripheral resistance (All of the above)
135
***Which portion of the brain has the cardiac and vasomotor centers?
Medulla oblongata
136
Receptors sensitive to chemical stimuli are called what?
Chemoreceptors
137
***The perception of pain coming from parts of the body that are not actually stimulated is called what?
Referred pain
138
***Which of the following monitor changes in pressure, such as in the carotid artery and aorta?
Baroreceptors
139
The chemoreceptors that monitor pH, oxygen levels, and carbon dioxide levels in the blood are located in the:
Carotid bodies
140
The clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye and helps give it its shape is called:
Aqueous humor
141
Which of the following photoreceptors provides color vision?
Cones
142
___ is caused by an elevation in pressure inside the eye.
Glaucoma
143
***___ is the body's ability to resist infection and disease through the activation of specific defenses.
Immunity
144
***Which type of lymphocyte directly attacks foreign cells or body cells infected by viruses?
T cells
145
***Which type of lymphocyte can differentiate into plasma cells, which produce and secrete antibodies?
B cells
146
***The largest collection of lymphoid tissue in the body is found where?
Spleen
147
___ in peripheral tissues remove cellular debris and respond to invasion by foreign compounds or pathogens.
Phagocytes
148
The phenomenon of being attracted to or repelled by chemicals in surrounding fluid is called what?
Chemotaxis
149
___ is the process of NK cells constantly monitoring normal tissues.
Immunological surveillance
150
***___ are small proteins released by activated tissue cells infected with viruses.
Interferons
151
***Which chemicals initiate the process of inflammation?
Histamine and heparin
152
***The ___ acts as the body's thermostat.
Hypothalamus
153
***Which proteins reset the body's "thermostat" and cause a rise in body temperature?
Pyrogens
154
Which medicine is considered an antipyretic?
Acetaminophen, Aspirin (both)
155
***___ immunity appears after exposure to an antigen as a consequence of the immune response.
Active
156
When antibodies produced by a mother protect her baby against infections, it is called ___ immunity.
Passive
157
A(n) ___ process requires oxygen.
Aerobic
158
***Which of the following genetic diseases involves the goblet cells producing dense, viscous mucus that cannot be transported by respiratory cilia?
Cystic fibrosis
159
The division of the trachea into the right and left primary bronchi occurs at the:
Carina
160
Which of the following breaks the fluid bond between the pleurae?
Pneumothorax
161
***Which of the following is treated by a pleural decompression?
Tension pneumo
162
***___ is the process that involves gas exchange and gas transport.
Respiration
163
What is the physical movement of air into and out of the lungs called?
Ventilation
164
***Which of the following is a type of obstructive lung disease?
Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema, Asthma (All of the above)
165
***___ levels are responsible for regulating respiratory activity under normal conditions.
Carbon dioxide
166
___ is the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments.
Digestion
167
What are the waves of muscular contractions that move along the length of the digestive tract called?
Peristalsis
168
Which nerve controls the stomach and initiates the production of gastric juice?
Vagus
169
Which condition is caused by abdominal organs sliding into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus?
Hiatal hernia
170
***The ___ is the second segment of the small intestine and does the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption.
Jejunum
171
***___ is esophageal laceration secondary to vomiting.
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
172
The cystic duct leaves the liver and leads to the:
Gallbladder
173
Which of the following is a general function of the liver?
Bile production, Metabolic regulation, Hematological regulation (All of the above)
174
***What is the most common cause of cirrhosis?
Chronic alcohol abuse
175
***The liver receives about ___ percent of cardiac output.
25
176
What is the most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis in the United States?
Hep C
177
***Roughly half our daily vitamin ___ requirements are produced by intestinal bacteria.
K
178
***Patients with hollow organ problems tend to have:
Diffuse abdominal pain
179
The renal tubule is responsible for:
Reabsorbing useful organic molecules, Secreting any waste products missed by the filtration process, Reabsorbing water (All of the above)
180
***Filtration membranes allow the passage of:
Water, ions, and glucose
181
In the proximal convoluted tube, water moves out of the tubular fluid by what process?
Osmosis
182
***The ascending limb loop of Henle actively transports:
Sodium
183
***The hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin are secreted by the:
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
184
Which is a metabolic waste product of the breakdown of amino acids?
Urea
185
Which hormone, when at lower levels, decreases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
186
In ___, the functions of damaged kidneys are performed by a machine that facilitates diffusion between the patient's blood and a carefully regulated fluid.
Dialysis
187
Which of the following is a major hormone involved in regulating kidney function?
Aldosterone, ADH, Angiotensin II (All of the above)
188
***Atrial natriuretic peptide is released by ___ when blood volume and blood pressure are too high and opposes the actions of the renin-angiotensin system.
Atrial cardiac muscle cells
189
Kidney stones consisting of ___ are the most common.
Calcium salts
190
***The ___ and kidneys play key roles in maintaining the acid-base balance of body fluids.
Lungs
191
If extracellular fluids (ECF) become hypertonic, as compared to the intracellular fluid (ICF), water will move in which direction?
From the cells into the ECF
192
***In response to circulating aldosterone, the kidneys ___ sodium ions.
Reabsorb
193
***Severe acidosis can cause what effect on the body?
CNS deterioration, Peripheral vasodilation, Weak cardiac contractions (All of the above)
194
***___ occurs when alveolar ventilation is increased, resulting in excess elimination of CO2.
Respiratory alkalosis
195
The ___ buffer system depends on the ability of amino acids to respond to changes in pH by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions.
Protein
196
Macroscopic anatomy is:
Gross anatomy
197
What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity?
Diaphragm
198
The opening that allows the esophagus to pass through the diaphragm:
Esophageal hiatus
199
Anatomical term meaning "away from an attached base":
Distal
200
Smallest living unit in the body:
Cells
201
Pericardial cavity surrounds this organ:
Heart
202
This includes all limbs and supporting bones and ligaments
Appendicular skeleton
203
The primary site of red and white blood cell production:
Bone marrow
204
A subatomic particle with a negative charge:
Electron
205
Atoms or molecules with an electric charge:
Ions
206
Weak chemical bonds formed from an attraction between hydrogen and oxygen:
Hydrogen bonds
207
Energy of motion:
Kinetic energy
208
Compounds that lower the activation energy of a reaction and "speed up" a reaction:
Catalyst
209
Second most abundant intracellular cation:
Magnesium
210
A reaction that breaks down compounds into smaller components:
Decomposition
211
Synthesis of organic compounds from simpler precursors:
Anabolism
212
Reaction that adds a water molecule across an organic bond:
Hydrogenation
213
Diffusion of water across a cell membrane:
Osmosis
214
A solution that causes movement of water into a red blood cell and cause it to lyse:
Hypotonic
215
Movement of molecules across the concentration gradient requiring energy:
Active transport
216
The organelles responsible for the break down and recycling of proteins:
Proteosomes
217
Three classifications of connective tissue:
Connective tissue proper, fluid, and supporting
218
Mast cells release what two chemicals:
Histamine and heparin
219
Two functions of sebaceous glands:
Lubrication and protection
220
Area of skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single posterior spinal root:
Dermatome
221
Shaft of the bone:
Diaphysis
222
Decreased levels of vitamin D3 can cause:
Rickets (brittle bones)
223
This hormone inhibits osteoclasts, lowering calcium levels in the blood:
Calcitonin
224
A complete displacement of a bone end from its position within a joint capsule:
Dislocation
225
Fibrous connective tissue connecting the bones of the skull at birth:
Fontanels
226
C2
Axis
227
Projection on atlas that forms a pivot point with C2:
Dens or odontoid process
228
Superior portion of the sternum:
Manubrium
229
Notch between sterna body and the manubrium:
Angle of Louis
230
Head of femur with this curved surface of the pelvis:
Acetabulum
231
The cation that is the key that unlocks the active site of an actin molecule:
Calcium
232
The anatomical division of the nervous system divided into:
CNS and ANS
233
Motor commands are carried to muscles/glands via this division:
Efferent
234
Spaces between myelin sheath of a neuron:
Nodes of Ranvier
235
Shift of membrane potential toward -70 mV (potassium leaves the cell):
Repolarization
236
Synapses that release ACh:
Cholinergic
237
Region of brain that controls fine motor skills:
Cerebellum
238
Hypothalamus connected to the pituitary gland by:
Infidibulum ("pituitary stalk")
239
Stimulation of beta 2 receptors primarily cause:
Bronchodilation
240
The sympathetic nervous system has what type of receptors:
Adrenergic
241
Hormone that is considered a uterine stimulant:
Oxytocin
242
Insulin and glucagon produced in the pancreas:
Islets of Langerhans
243
Posterior pituitary gland produces what two major hormones:
ADH and oxytocin
244
Hormone that increases production of red blood cells from bone marrow:
EPO
245
What is low white blood cell count?
Leukopenia
246
Inner lining of the heart:
Endocardium
247
Valve between right atrium and right ventricle:
Tricuspid or right atrioventricular
248
Left coronary artery divides into:
Left circumflex and left anterior descending
249
Hardening of vessel walls:
Arteriosclerosis
250
Collateral circulation created by bypassing vessels providing a pathway for blood:
Anastomosis
251
Receptors sensitive to stretching, compression, or twisting:
Mechanoreceptors
252
Fluid that fills the posterior chamber of the eye:
Vitreous humor
253
Blockage of this causes glaucoma:
Canal of Schlem
254
Type of lymphocyte that differentiates into plasma cells which produce and secrete antibodies:
B cells
255
This acts as the body's thermostat:
Hypothalamus
256
Proteins that reset the hypothalamus and cause a rise in temperature:
Pyrogens
257
Delivery of blood to capillary beds/tissues:
Perfusion
258
Three types of COPD:
Asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
259
Sphincter between the esophagus and stomach:
Cardiac sphincter
260
Cranial nerve X
Vagus
261
Cranial nerve II
Optic
262
Last part of the small intestine responsible for food bolus preparation:
Ileum
263
Sharp specific abdominal pain known as:
Somatic
264
Descending loop of Henle is responsible for:
Reabsorption of water
265
Kidney stones:
Renal calculi
266
Occurs when alveolar ventilation is increased, resulting in excess elimination of CO2:
Respiratory alkalosis
267
When the amount of acid generated exceeds the body's buffering system:
Metabolic acidosis
268
95% of cellular energy is a result of this system:
Electron transport system
269
Breakdown of glycogen into glucose:
Glycogenolysis
270
This enzyme breaks down pyruvic acid in the mitochondria and starts the TCA:
Conenzyme A
271
Endometrial tissue found outside of the uterus:
Endometriosis
272
Term associated with the first menstrual cycle:
Menarche
273
A chemical that causes malformation of a fetus:
Teratogen
274
Three stages of labor:
Dilation, expulsion, placental
275
A woman who has been pregnant more than once:
Multigravida
276
***Cells break down organic molecules to obtain energy usually in the form of ____.
ATP
277
The synthesis of new organic molecules that involves the formation of new chemical bonds is called ___.
Anabolism
278
The liver stores ____ in case of depleted nutrients in the blood stream.
Glycogen and triglycerides (Both A and B)
279
After the catabolism of glucose, a typical cell has gained ___ molecules.
36 ATP
280
In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into what acid?
Pyruvic
281
What is a lack of oxygen that inhibits or stops the TCA cycle called?
Hypoxia
282
***___ is the synthesis of glucose from protein or lipid precursor molecules.
Gluconeogenesis
283
***Which lipoprotein is commonly called "good cholesterol"?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
284
***Liver cells combine carbon dioxide with ammonia to create which water-soluble compound that is excreted from the body?
Urea
285
Which type of diabetic patient requires insulin?
Type I
286
___ is the result of conductive heat loss to the air that overlies the surface of an object.
Convection
287
Where are the heat-loss and heat-gain centers located?
Hypothalamus
288
During hypothermia, the adrenal gland releases ___ to increase the breakdown of glycogen.
Epinephrine
289
***When body temperature increases, the body responds by:
Increasing depth of respirations, Stimulating sweat glands, Dilating peripheral blood vessels (All of the above)
290
***Parasympathetic innervation of the penile arteries that release ___ at their synaptic knobs causes the smooth muscle in the arterial walls to relax, resulting in an erection.
Nitric oxide
291
***Sickle cell disease, spinal anesthesia, and drugs can cause a prolonged, usually painful erection called a ___.
Priapism
292
Uterine glands open to what portion of the uterus?
Endometrium
293
Which condition causes the female patient to have severe lower abdominal pain, a bloody, foul-smelling discharge, and fever, and usually begins two to three days after miscarriage.
Endomitritis
294
___ is the period marked by the degeneration of the superficial functional zone of the endometrium.
Menses
295
***Women who are ___ are at increased risk for venous thrombosis, strokes, and pulmonary embolism.
Taking oral contraceptives
296
A zygote contains ___ chromosomes.
46
297
***In an ectopic pregnancy the fertilized egg is implanted where?
Ovary, Abdomen, Fallopian tube (All of the above)
298
Which of the following is a chemical that causes malformation of a fetus?
Teratogen
299
***Rising oxytocin levels stimulate what?
Force and frequency of uterine contractions
300
***The ___ stage of labor begins with the onset of labor, as the cervix dilates and the fetus begins to slide down the cervical canal.
Dilation
301
By the ___ week of gestation, fetal heart tones can be auscultated by stethoscope.
20th
302
Fetuses born after ___ weeks have an excellent chance of survival.
28
303
What is primigravida?
A woman who is pregnant for the first time
304
The mammary gland cells produce which is ingested by the breastfed newborn during the first two to three days of life.
Colostrum
305
***___ is the naturally occurring termination of pregnancy.
Miscarrage, Spontaneous abortion (Both)
