A&P vocab Ch8 Nervous System

Question 1

Acetylcholine

Answer 1

chemical neuron transmitters

Question 2

Afferent neuron

Answer 2

neuron that carries impulses toward the central nervous system from the periphery
sensory neuron

Question 3

Anesthesia

Answer 3

loss of sensation

Question 4

Arachnoid mater

Answer 4

delicate web like middle membrane covering the brain

the meninges

Question 5

Astrocytes

Answer 5

a glial cell

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

nerve cell process that transmits impulses away from the cell body
1 elongated projection from the cell body
processes that transmit impulses AWAY from the neuron cell body

Question 7

Catechplamines

Answer 7

norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 8

Cerebrospinal fluid

CSF

Answer 8

fluid that fills the sudarachnoid space in the brain and spinal cord and in the cerebral ventricles

Question 9

Choroid plexus

Answer 9

a network of brain capillaries that are involved with the production of cerebrospinal fluid

Question 10

Dendrite

Answer 10

a nerve cell process that transmits impulses toward the body
one or more branching processes/projections from the neuron cell body
transmits impulses TO the neuron

Question 11

Dermatome

Answer 11

skin surface areas supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 12

Dopamine

Answer 12

chemical neurotransmitter

Question 13

Dura mater

Answer 13

strong or hard mother

outermost layer of the meninges

Question 14

Effector neuron

Answer 14

responding…

Question 15

Endorphins

Answer 15

chemical in central nervous system that influences pain perception
a natural painkiller

Question 16

Enkephalins

Answer 16

peptide chemical in the central nervous system that acts as a natural painkiller

Question 17

Fight or flight response

Answer 17

a change produced by the increased sympathetic impulses allowing the body to deal with any type of stress

Question 18

Ganglia

Answer 18

a region of gray(unmyelinated) nerve tissue

gray matter in the PNS

Question 19

Ganglion

Answer 19

?

Question 20

glia

Answer 20

supporting cells of nervous tissue
aka nueroglia
specialized connective tissue cells
support neurons

Question 21

hydrocephalus

Answer 21

abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid

water on the brain

Question 22

interneuron

Answer 22

nerves that conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons
central or connecting neuron

Question 23

limbic systerm

Answer 23

a collection of various small regions of the brain that act together to produce emotion and emotional response
the emotional brain

Question 24

meninges

Answer 24

fluid-containing membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Question 25

microglia

Answer 25

one type of connective tissue found in the brain and spinal cord

Question 26

motor neuron

Answer 26

transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandular epithelial tissues

Question 27

multiple sclerosis

Answer 27

the most common primary disease of the central nervous system a myelin disorder

Question 28

myelin

Answer 28

lipoid substance found in the myelin sheath around some nerve fibers

Question 29

neurilemma

Answer 29

nerve sheath

Question 30

neurons

Answer 30

nerve cell | including its processes

Question 31

nuerotransmitter

Answer 31

``` chemicals by which neurons communicate function by stimulating receptors int he neuron on the other side of the synapse ```

Question 32

nodes of Ranvier

Answer 32

indentations that are found between adjacent schwann cells

Question 33

norepinephrine

Answer 33

hormone secreted by adrenal medulla | released by sympathetic nervous system

Question 34

oligodendrocyte

Answer 34

a glia cell, a cell with few branches dendro-branch oligo-few or little

Question 35

parasympathetic nervous system | PNS

Answer 35

part of the autonomic nervous system ganglia are connected to the brainstem and the sacral segments of the spinal cord controls many visceral effectors under normal conditions tries to maintain a quiet homeostasis

Question 36

pia mater

Answer 36

the vascular innermost covering(meninx) of the brain and spinal cord

Question 37

postganglionic neuron

Answer 37

autonomic neuron that conducts nerve impulses from a ganglion to cardiac or smooth muscle or glandular epithelial tissue

Question 38

postsynaptic neuron

Answer 38

a neuron situated distal to a synapse

Question 39

preganglionic neuron

Answer 39

autonomic neuron that conducts nerve impulses between the spinal cord and a ganglion

Question 40

presynaptic neuron

Answer 40

a neuron situated proximal to a synapse

Question 41

receptors

Answer 41

peripheral beginning of a sensory neurons dendrite

Question 42

reflex arc

Answer 42

allows an impulse to travel in only one direction

Question 43

saltatory conduction

Answer 43

when a nerve impulse encounters myelin and "jumps" from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 44

schwann cell

Answer 44

large nucleated cells that form myelin

Question 45

sensory neuron

Answer 45

neurons that transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body

Question 46

serotonin

Answer 46

a neurotransmitter that belongs to a group of compounds called catecholamines

Question 47

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 47

prepares the body for emergency situations | flight-or-fight response

Question 48

synapse

Answer 48

requires the production, release, and deactivation of neurotransmitters

Question 49

synaptic cleft

Answer 49

a space between a synaptic knob and the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron

Question 50

synaptic knob

Answer 50

a tiny bulge at the end of a terminal branch of presynaptic neurons axon that contains vesicles with neurotransmitters

Question 51

tract

Answer 51

a single nerve pathway made up of several bundles of axons and extending through the central nervous system compare to nerve

Question 52

microscopic structure

Answer 52

?

Question 53

nervous system

Answer 53

?

Question 54

peripheral nervous system

Answer 54

?

Question 55

nueron

Answer 55

nerve cells conduct impulses 3 parts: cell body, dendrites, and an axon

Question 56

dendro

Answer 56

branch

Question 57

oligo

Answer 57

few

Question 58

major components of the nervous system

Answer 58

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Question 59

central nervous system | CNS

Answer 59

brain and spinal cord

Question 60

peripheral nervous system | PNS

Answer 60

nerves of the body

Question 61

autonomic nervous system | ANS

Answer 61

structures that regulate the bodys involuntary functions ex: heart rate contractions secretions

Question 62

2 types of cells in the nervous system

Answer 62

neurons and glia