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Anatomy Section 6 > a - Rumen GI Stomach and Omenta > Flashcards

a - Rumen GI Stomach and Omenta Flashcards

1
Q

Bovine abdomen muscles layers:

A

-cutaneous trunci
-external abdominal oblique
-internal abdominal oblique (cranial-ventral direction)
-transverse abdominis
-rectus abdominis
*meet at the linea alba

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2
Q

Paralumbar fossa:

A

-last rib (*ribs don’t go all the way to the ileum)
-transverse processes
-hip bone
*can externally palpate and auscultate the rumen

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3
Q

Paravertebral anesthesia:

A

-dermatomes (peritoneum zones)
>innervate the skin and overlay the muscle we need to anesitized
*target T13 and L1, L2
*both dorsal and ventral branches
>dorsal goes overtop of TP (need to go through epaxial muscles)
>ventral goes underneath TP (must go through ligament)

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4
Q

What is the capacity of an adult cattle stomach?

A

-60-200L

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5
Q

Fore-stomach compartments:

A

-reticulum
-rumen
-omasum
-abomasum
*all lined by non-glandular mucosa with stratified squamous epithelium

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6
Q

Rumen:

A

-largest (80%)
-fermentation gut
-papilla to increase SA
>absorption of volatile FAs

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7
Q

What is the lining of the rumen?

A

-stratified epithelium folded into ruminal papillae
>largest most dense within the blind sacs
>least developed on roof and pillars

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8
Q

Rumen compartments:

A

-dorsal sac
-ruminal atrium
-ventral sac
-ruminal recess
-caudodorsal blind sac
-caudoventral blind sac

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9
Q

What are the limits/location of the rumen?

A

-7th intercostal space (cardia) to pelvic inlet

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10
Q

How/where can you palpate the rumen?

A

-L. paralumbar fossa
-transrectally

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11
Q

What are the openings of the rumen?

A

-cardia: junction of rumen and reticulum
-rumino-reticular opening
*empties into both

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12
Q

Reticulum:

A

-5%
-helps with fermentation
*honeycomb mucosa
-reticular grove

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13
Q

Reticular groove:

A

-cardia to reticulo-omasal orifice
-formed by cranial (L) and caudal (R) lips
-closed by reflex stimulus
-allows milk to bypass rumen in neonates
>suckling causes it to close and milk ‘shunts’ from esophagus into omasum tp abomasum=similar to monogastric

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14
Q

Reticulum musculature:

A

-outer longitudinal
-inner circle smooth muscle (‘tripe’)

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15
Q

What is the location of the reticulum?

A

-6th to 8th rib towards L. side
-cardia dorsally
-xiphoid process ventrally

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16
Q

Reticulum structure:

A

-honey-comb folds with small papillae
>most prominent on ventral aspect
-smooth muscle (‘tripe’)

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17
Q

Reticulum hardware disease:

A

-heavy=drops into reticulum
-lots of contractions and movements
>sharp and can puncture through
»puncture many different things
*add magnets

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18
Q

Omasum:

A

-8%
-‘basketball’
-reabsorption of water
-omasal laminae: crescent shaped leaves (‘pages of the butcher’s bible)
-firm

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19
Q

What is the location of the omasum?

A

-8th to 11th rib to R of mid-line
-may project onto abdominal floor below costal arch

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20
Q

What is the lining of the omasum?

A

-100 crescentic laminae arising from greater curvature
>laminae vary in length

21
Q

What are the openings of the omasum?

A

-reticulo-omasal orifice (narrow)
-omaso-abomasal opening (wide)
*separated by omasal canal and omasal pillar

22
Q

Omasum role:

A

*absorption of water

23
Q

Abomasum:

A

-7%
-true glandular stomach
-parietal and pyloric glands
>HCl, pepsinogen
-permanent abomasal folds (rugae)
>don’t stretch out

24
Q

Abomasum location:

A

-varies depending on location
-in contact with abdominal floor
-little to R of midline
-between reticulum and rumen
*displacement of it is a common DISORDER

25
Q

What are the divisions of the abomasum?

A

-proximal limb: fundus and body
-narrow distal limb: pyloric part

26
Q

What is the lining of the abomasum?

A

-large spiral folds in fundus (decrease at pylorus)
-peptic glands in fundus and body
-mucous glands in pylorus
*prominent torus pyloricus

27
Q

Ruminant stomach location:

A

-entire left and part of right
>pushes over kidneys and liver

28
Q

Palpation of stomach:

A

-left lumbar paralumbar fossa
-transrectal

29
Q

Cranial aspect of stomach:

A

-liver
-reticulum
-diaphragm

30
Q

Left aspect of stomach:

A

-spleen
-abdominal wall

31
Q

Ventral aspect of stomach:

A

-abdominal floor
-abomasum

32
Q

Right aspect of stomach:

A

-omasum
-intestinal mass

33
Q

Dorsal aspect of stomach:

A

-pancreas
-kidneys
-+/- uterus

34
Q

Reticulo-omasal orifice:

A

-exits the rumen-reticulum and goes to the omasum

35
Q

Ruminoreticular groove:

A

-partially divides reticulum from rumen

36
Q

Cranial groove:

A

-up and oblique
-creates a cranial sac=atrium ruminis

37
Q

Cranial pillare:

A

-divides the cranial sac and ventral sac

38
Q

L+R longitudinal groves:

A

-connects cranial and caudal grooves

39
Q

Accessory groove:

A

-no overly important
-forms insula ruminis on the R with R. longitudinal groove

40
Q

Dorsal and ventral groove split the caudal sac into:

A

-dorsal caudal blind sac
-ventral caudal blind sac

41
Q

Long vs. short papillae in different aspects of the stomach:

A

-long: ventral sac=where all the fermentation is taking place
-short: pillars and dorsal sac (‘gas’)

42
Q

What stimulates the reflex to close the groove:

A

-suckling (and bucket feeding)
-ADH
-copper sulfate

43
Q

What structures of the stomach are associated with the greater omentum?

A

-rumen
-reticulum
*arise from the greater curvature of the fetal stomach

44
Q

What structure of the stomach is associated with the lesser omentum?

A

-omasum
*arise from the lesser curvature of the fetal stomach

45
Q

Lesser omentum:

A

-lesser curve of the abomasum
-covers omasum
-attaches along liver and duodenum

46
Q

Greater omentum ‘path’:

A

-esophagus to rumen over R longitudinal groove
-caudal groove
-forward along left longitudinal groove
-reticulum
-greater curvature of abomasum to duodenum
*skirt that sweeps up to right side=supraomental recess

47
Q

Omental bursa:

A

-formed by superficial and deep layers
-encircles the ventral sac of the rumen
-communicates with peritoneal cavity through epiploic foramen

48
Q

Epiploic foramen bounded by:

A
  • liver
    -duodenum and pancreas near the portal area of the liver
49
Q

Supra-omental recess:

A

-‘sling’ that holds the intestines
-on the right side

Anatomy Section 6 (18 decks)

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