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Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology > A terms > Flashcards

A terms Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Abdomen

A

The area between the diaphragm and pelvis

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2
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity, contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, most of the small intestine, and part of the large intestine

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3
Q

Abdominal thrust maneuver

A

Heimlich maneuver

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4
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Inferior cavity in the torso/ventral cavity

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5
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from axis or midline of body

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6
Q

Abortion

A

Premature loss or removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus

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7
Q

Abrasion

A

A portion of skin that has been scraped away

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8
Q

Absorption

A

Intake of fluids or other substances by cells of the skin or mucus membranes

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9
Q

Accomodation

A

Change in the curvature of the eye lens to adjust for distance

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10
Q

Acetabulum

A

The rounded portion of the hip bone that receives the head if the femur

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11
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

A neurotransmitter released by many peripheral nervous system neurons and some central nervous system neurons

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12
Q

Acid

A

A proton donor or a substance that disassosiates into hydrogen ions and antions characterized by an excess of hydrogen ions, pH less than 7

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13
Q

Acidosis

A

A condition in which blood pH is below 7.35

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14
Q

Acini

A

Masses of cells in pancreas that secret digestive enzymes

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15
Q

Acromegaly

A

Condition caused by hypersecretion of human growth hormone during adulthood, characterized by thickened bones and enlargement of other tissues

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16
Q

Acrosome

A

A dense lysosome-like body in he head of a sperm cell that contains enzymes that facilitate the penetration of sperm cell into a secondary oocyte

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17
Q

Actin

A

The contractile protein that is part of thin filaments in muscle fibers

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18
Q

Action potential

A

An electrical signal hat propagates along the membrane of a neuron or muscle fiber; a rapid change in membrane potential that involves a depolarization followed by a repolarization, also called a nerve action potential or nerve impulse

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19
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of substances across some membranes against a concentration gradient requiring the use of cell energy

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20
Q

Accupuncture

A

The insertion of a needle into a tissue for the purpose of withdrawing fluid or reliving pain, also the traditional Chinese practice

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21
Q

Acute

A

Haveing rapid onset, severe symptoms, and a short course

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22
Q

Adaptation

A

The adjustment of the pupil of the eye to light variations, the property by which a neuron relays a decreased frequency of action potentials from a receptor even though the strength of the stimulus remains constant; the decrease in perception of a sensation overtime while the stimulus is still present

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23
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the axis or midline of the body

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24
Q

Adenohypophysas

A

The anterior portion of the pituitary gland

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25
Adenoids
The pharyngeal tonsils
26
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
The energy carrying molecule made by all living cells as a means of capturing and storing energy. ATP consists of the purine base adenine and the five carbon sugar ribose to which are added in linear array, 3 phosphate groups
27
Adipocyte
Fat cell derived from a fibroblast
28
Adipose tissue
Tissue composed of adipocytes specialized for triglyceride storage and present in the form of soft pads between various organs for support, protection, and insulation
29
Adrenal cortex
The outer portion of an adrenal gland, divided into 3 zone that secret mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens
30
Adrenal glands
2 glands located superior to each kidney. also called the suprareanal glands
31
Adrenal medulla
The inner portion of an adrenal gland, made of cells that make epinephrine and norepinephrine
32
Adrenergic neuron
A neuron that releases epinephrine or norepinephrine at a synapse
33
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
a hormone made in the anterior pituitary to influence the production and secretion of some adrenal cortex hormones
34
Adventitia
The outermost layer of a structure or organ
35
Aerobic
Requiring molecular oxygen
36
Afferent arteriole
A kidney blood vessel that divides into one of the capillary networks (glomeruli)
37
Agglutination
clumping of microorganisms or blood cells, usually in reaction to antigen
38
Aggregated lymphatic follicules
Clusters of lymphatic nodules, most numerous in the ileum; aka Peyer's patches
39
Albinism
Abnormal partial or total absence of melanin in the hair skin and eyes
40
Albumin
The most abundant and the smallest of the plasma proteins
41
Aldosterone
A mineraolcorticoid made by the adrenal cortex to control sodium/water reabsorption, and potassium excretion
42
Alkaline
Containing more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions, a pH higher than 7
43
Alkalosis
A condition in which blood pH is higher than 7.45
44
Allantosis
A small, vascular membrane in a fetus (between chorion and amnion) where early blood formation takes place
45
Alleles
Alternate forms of one gene that control the same trait
46
Allergen
An antigen that causes a hypersensitive reaction
47
Alpha cell
A cell in the pancreatic islets, makes glucagon
48
Alveolar duct
Branch of a bronchiole where the alveoli and alveolar sacs are
49
Alveolar macrophage
A highly phagocytic cell in the alveolar walls in the lungs (aka, dust cell)
50
Alveolar pressure
Air pressure in the lungs
51
Alveolar sac
A cluster of alveoli that share an opening
52
Alveolus
A small hollow or cavity, either an air sac in the lungs, or a milk producing portion of the mammary gland
53
Alzheimer's disease
Disabling neurologic disorder characterized by dysfunction and death of cerebral neurons resulting in wide spread intellectual impairment, personality changes, and fluctuations in alertness
54
ameneria
the absence of menstration
55
amino acid
an organic acid containing an acidic carboxyl group and a basic amino group that is the building unit from which proteins are formed
56
amnesia
a lack or loss of memory
57
amnion
the innermost extraembryonic membrane a thin, transparent sac, that holds the fetus suspended in amniotic fluid, also called the bag of waters
58
amniotic fluid
fluid in the amniotic cavity, the space between the developing embryo or fetus and amnion, the fluid is initially produced as a filtrate from maternal blood, and later includes fetal urine
59
amphiarthrosis
a slightly movable articulation in which the articulating bony surfaces are separated by fibrous connective tissue or fibrocartilage to which both are attached, types are syndesmosis and symphysis
60
anabolism
synthetic energy requiring reactions whereby small molecules are built up into larger ones
61
anaerobic
not requiring molecular oxygen
62
anal canal
the terminal 2 or 3 centimeters of the rectum, opens to the exterior through the anus
63
anal triangle
the subdivision of the female or male perineum that contains the anus
64
analgesia
pain relief
65
anaphase
3rd stage of mitosis in which the chromatids the have separated at the centromeres move to opposite poles of the cell
66
anaphylaxis
an allergic reaction in which IgE antibodies attach to mast cells and basophils, making them cause increased blood permeability, smooth muscle contractions, and increased mucus production
67
anatomical position
of the body universally used in anatomical discriptions
68
anatomic dead space
spaces of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that contain 150 mL of tidal volume, the air does not reach the alveoli to participate in gas exchange
69
anatomy
the study of the structure of the body and the relation of its parts to each other
70
angrogen
substance producing or stimulating masculine characteristics such as the male hormone testosterone
71
anemia
condition of the blood in which the number of functional red blood cells or their hemoglobin content is below normal

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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