G Terms

Question 1

gall bladder

Answer 1

a small pouch, inferior to the liver, that stores bile, and secretes it via the cystic duct

Question 2

gallstone

Answer 2

a solid mass, usually containing cholesterol, in the gallbladder/bile containing duct

Question 3

gamete

Answer 3

a reproductive cell (sperm or secondary oocyte)

Question 4

gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

Answer 4

a procedure in which a aspirated secondary oocyte is combined with a sperm-containing solution outside the body, then the solution is returned to the uterine tubes

Question 5

ganglion

Answer 5

a group of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system (CNS). can also refer to the basal ganglia in the CNS

Question 6

gastric glands

Answer 6

glands in the mucosa of the stomach that secrete gastric juices

Question 7

gastroenterology

Answer 7

medical specialty that deals with the structure, function, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the stomach and intestines

Question 8

gastrointestinal tract

Answer 8

a continuous tube running through the ventral body cavity from the mouth to the anus

Question 9

gene

Answer 9

a biological unit of heredity, a segment of DNA at a definite position on a particular chromosome

Question 10

generator potential

Answer 10

the graded depolarization that results in a change in the resting membrane potential in a receptor. If it reaches threshold, it can trigger an action potential

Question 11

genetics

Answer 11

the study of genes and heredity

Question 12

genital herpes

Answer 12

an STD caused by types 2 herpes simplex virus

Question 13

genitalia

Answer 13

reproductive organs

Question 14

genome

Answer 14

the complete set of genes in an organism

Question 15

genotype

Answer 15

the total hereditary information carried by an individual, the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 16

geriatrics

Answer 16

the branch of medicine devoted to the medical problems and care of elderly persons

Question 17

gestation

Answer 17

the period of development from fertilization to birth

Question 18

gingivae

Answer 18

gums

Question 19

gland

Answer 19

specialized epithelial cells that secrete substances

Question 20

glans penis

Answer 20

the slightly enlarged region at the distal end of the penis

Question 21

glaucoma

Answer 21

an eye disorder caused by excess aqueous humor causing increased intraocular pressure

Question 22

gliding joint

Answer 22

a synovial joint with flat articulating surfaces, permitting only side-to-side, and back-and-forth movements (for instance, between carpals, tarsals, and the scapula and clavicle)

Question 23

glomerular capsule

Answer 23

a double walled globe at the end of nephron that encloses the glomerular capillaries

Question 24

glomerular filtrate

Answer 24

the fluid produced when blood is filtered by the filtration membrane in the glomeruli of the kidneys

Question 25

glomerular filtration

Answer 25

the first step in urine formation, where blood substances are filtered through the filtration membrane and the filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule of a nephron

Question 26

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Answer 26

the total volume of fluid entering all the glomerular capsules in one minute

Question 27

glomerulus

Answer 27

a rounded mass of nerves or blood vessels, especially the microscopic tuft of capillaries in each kidney tubule

Question 28

glottis

Answer 28

the vocal folds/true vocal cords in the larynx, plus the space between them (rima glottidids)

Question 29

glucagon

Answer 29

a hormone made by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets. increases blood glucose level

Question 30

glucocorticoids

Answer 30

hormones made by the adrenal cortex, especially cortisol, that influence glucose metabolism

Question 31

gluconeogenisis

Answer 31

the making of glucose from glycerol, certain amino acids, or lactic acid

Question 32

glucose

Answer 32

a six-carbon sugar (C6-H12-O6), the major energy source for ATP production

Question 33

glucosuria

Answer 33

presence of glucose in the urine

Question 34

glycogen

Answer 34

a highly branched polymer of glucose, functions as a compact store of glucose molecules in liver and muscle cells

Question 35

glycogenesis

Answer 35

the process of forming glycogen from glucose

Question 36

glycogenolysis

Answer 36

the breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Question 37

glycolysis

Answer 37

a series of chemical reactions in the cytosol in which a glucose molecule splits into 2 pyruvic acid molecules, and producing 2 ATP molecules

Question 38

goblet cell

Answer 38

a goblet shaped cell that secretes mucus, present in airway and intestinal epithelium

Question 39

goiter

Answer 39

an enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 40

golgi complex

Answer 40

an organelle made of 4-6 flattened sacs/cisterns. functions in packaging, sorting, processing, and delivering lipids and proteins to the plasma membrane, lysosomes, and secretory vesicles

Question 41

gomphosis

Answer 41

a fibrous joint which is made of a cone shaped peg that fits into a socket

Question 42

gonad

Answer 42

a gland that produces gametes and hormones, the ovaries and testis

Question 43

gonadotropic hormone

Answer 43

anterior pituitary hormone affecting the gonads

Question 44

grey matter

Answer 44

area in the central nervous system and ganglia consisting of nonmyelinated nerve tissue

Question 45

greater omentum

Answer 45

a large fold in the serosa of the stomach that hands down like an apron anterior to the intestines

Question 46

greater vestibular glands

Answer 46

a pair of glands on either side of the vaginal orifice that open via a duct into the space between the hymen and labia minoria

Question 47

gross anatomy

Answer 47

the branch of anatomy dealing with the study of structures without the need for a microscope to do so

Question 48

gustatory

Answer 48

pertaining to taste

Question 49

gynecology

Answer 49

the branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of disorders of the female reproductive system

Question 50

gynecomastia

Answer 50

excessive growth of male mammary glands due to estrogens by an adrenal gland tumor

Question 51

gyrus

Answer 51

one of the folds of the cerebral cortex, aka a convolution