A Tour Of The Cell

Question 1

The THEORY that all living things are composed of CELLs and that all cells come from other cells

Answer 1

Cell theory

Question 2

A Microscope that uses magnets to focus an Electron beam through, or onto the surface of, a specimen. An EM achieves a hundred fold greater resolution than a light Microscope.

Answer 2

Electron Microscope (EM)

Question 3

An optical instrument with lenses that retract or bend visible LIGHT to magnify images and project them into a viewers eye or onto photographic film.

Answer 3

Light microscope (LM)

Question 4

A Microscope that uses an Electron beam to study the Surface details of a cell or other specimens

Answer 4

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Question 5

A microscope that uses an Electron beam to study the inTernal structure of thinly sectioned specimens.

Answer 5

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Question 6

The MEMBRANE at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier to the Passage of ions and moLecules into and out of the cell; consists of A phoSpholipid bilayer with eMbedded proteins.

Answer 6

Plasma membrane

Question 7

A tyPe of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelle; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea

Answer 7

Prokaryotic cells

Question 8

A type of cell that has a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelle. All organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed of THESE cells.

Answer 8

Eukaryotic cells

Question 9

The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.

Answer 9

Cytosol

Question 10

A gene carrying structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and most visible during mitosis and meiosis; also, the main gene-carrying structure of a prokaryotic cell. THEY consist of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.

Answer 10

Chromosomes

Question 11

A cell structure consisting of RNA and protein organized into two subunits and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells, THESE subunits are constructed in the nucleolus.

Answer 11

Ribosomes

Question 12

The Contents of a eukarYoTic cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; cOnsists of a semifluid medium and organelles; can also refer to the interior of a Prokaryotic cell.

Answer 12

Cytoplasm

Question 13

A non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated.

Answer 13

Nucleoid

Question 14

A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion. The FLAGELLA of prokaryotes and eukaryote differ in both structure and function. Like cilia, eukaryotic flagella have a “9+2” arrangement of microtubules covered by the cells plasma membrane.

Answer 14

Flagella (plural for flagellum)

Question 15

A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell.

Answer 15

Organelles

Question 16

All the chemical activities of a cell.

Answer 16

Cellular metabolism

Question 17

(1) An atoms central core, containing protons and neutrons. (2) the organelle of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes, made of chromatin.

Answer 17

Nucleus (Nuclei, plural)

Question 18

The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic CHROMosomes; often used to refer to the diffuse, very exTended form taken by chromosomes when a cell Is Not dividing.

Answer 18

Chromatin

Question 19

A double membrane that ENCLOSES the nucleus, perforated with pores that regulate traffic with the cytoplasm.

Answer 19

Nuclear envelope

Question 20

A structure within the NUCLEus where ribosomal RNA is made and assembled with proteins imported from the cytOplaSm to make ribosomal subunits.

Answer 20

Nucleolus

Question 21

A network of mEmbraNes insiDe and surrOunding a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.

Answer 21

Endomembrane system

Question 22

A sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 22

Vesicles

Question 23

An extensive membranous network in a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough ) and ribosome-free (smooth ) regions. See also rough ER and smooth ER

Answer 23

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 24

That portion of the Endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes

Answer 24

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 25

That portion of the Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins.

Answer 25

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 26

Glyco, meaning sugar. A PROTEIN with one or more short chains of sugars attached to it.

Answer 26

Glycoprotein

Question 27

A small membranous sac in a eukaryotic cells cytoplasm CARRYING molecules produced by the cell. The Vesicle buds from the Endoplasmic reticulum or Gogli and eventually fuses with another organelle of the plasma membrane, releasing is contents.

Answer 27

Transport vesicle

Question 28

An orGanelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of membranous sacs that modify, store, and ship products of the Endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 28

Golgi apparatus

Question 29

A digestive organelle in eukaryotic cells; contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest engulfed food and damaged organelles.

Answer 29

Lysosome

Question 30

An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 30

Peroxisomes

Question 31

In a plant cell, a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth and the storage of chemicals and wastes.

Answer 31

Central vacuole

Question 32

The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle.

Answer 32

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 33

An organelle found in plants and algae that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds (sugars) from carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 33

Chloroplasts

Question 34

The dense fluid within the chloroplast that surrounds the thykaloid membrane and is involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water. Sugars are made in the stroma by the enzymes of the Calvin cycle.

Answer 34

Stroma

Question 35

A flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast. Thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll and the molecular complexes of the light reactions of photosynthesis. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum.

Answer 35

Thylakoids

Question 36

A stack of membrane-bounded thylakoids in a chloroplast. Grana are the sites where light energy is trapped by chlorophyll and converted to chemical energy during the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Answer 36

Granum

Question 37

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and it's host cell then evolved into a single organism.

Answer 37

Endosymbiont theory

Question 38

A network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell; includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

Answer 38

Cytoskeleton

Question 39

The thickest of the three main kinds of fibers making up the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell ; a hollow tube made of globular proteins called tubulins ; found in cilia and flagella.

Answer 39

Microtubules

Question 40

A structure found in animal cells from which microtubules originate and that is important during cell division. A centrosome had two centrioles.

Answer 40

Centrosome

Question 41

An intermediate-sized protein fiber that is one of the three main kinds of fibers making up the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments are ropelike, made of fibrous proteins.

Answer 41

Intermediate filaments

Question 42

The thinnest of the three main kinds of protein fibers making up the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell ; a solid, helical rod compound of the globular protein actin

Answer 42

Microfilaments

Question 43

A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion or moving fluid past the cell, formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two single microtubules ( the "9+2" arrangement) covered by the cell's plasma membrane.

Answer 43

Cilia (plural, cilium)

Question 44

The mesh work surrounding animal cells ; consists of glycoprotein and polysaccharides synthesized and secreted by cells

Answer 44

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 45

A transmembrane protein that interconnects the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton in animal cells.

Answer 45

Integrins

Question 46

A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists ; protects the cell and helps maintain its shape.

Answer 46

Cell wall

Question 47

An open channel in a plant cell wall that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.

Answer 47

Plasmodesma (plural Plasmodesmata)