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IB Biology > A - unit And Diversity (A1.1, A1.2) > Flashcards

A - unit And Diversity (A1.1, A1.2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the physical and chemical properties of water that make it essential for life?

A

Water is polar
Water is less dense than solid then a liquid
Water has cohesive and adhesive properties

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2
Q

What is adhesion?

A

Different molecules attract each other

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3
Q

What is cohesion?

A

Like molecules attract each other

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4
Q

Water is a solvent. what does it do?

A

Water helps molecular organisms transport molecules around a body and acts as the medium in which chemical reactions occur

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5
Q

Water is a metabolite. What does it do?

A

Chemical reactions take place in cells. These reactions are called metabolism. Water is involved in photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.

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6
Q

Water is temperature buffer what does this help with?

A

Water helps to buffer temperature changes in the cells because of its high specific heat capacity

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7
Q

Water maintains, biological structures. Give some examples.

A

Water contributes to the formation of cell membranes
Water impacts the folding of proteins
Water surrounds DNA to support the double helix

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8
Q

What do protons, neutrons and electrons carry? (charge.)

A

Protons carry a positive charge
Neutrons carry no net charge
Electrons have a negative charge

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9
Q

What is an atom when the protons and electrons are equal?

A

Atoms are electrically neutral if they have an equal number of protons and electrons

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10
Q

Why are electrons in an atom attracted to protons in the nucleus?

A

The nucleus has an electromagnetic force in which positive charge attracts negative charge

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11
Q

What is atomic bonding?

A

Electrons can be transferred to another atom or is shared between atoms

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12
Q

Name the four types of bonds

A

Nonpolar covalent bond
Polar covalent bond
Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond

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13
Q

What is nonpolar and polar covalent bond

A

Nonpolar share electrons equally
Polar share electrons unequally

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14
Q

What does ionic bonding

A

The attraction between positively charged ion and negatively charged ion

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15
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

An attraction between two polar molecules

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16
Q

What is a polar molecule?

A

A molecule which one end of the molecule is slightly positive while the other end is slightly negative

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17
Q

What is the water structure?

A

A water molecule consists of two hydrogen and one oxygen atom H2O

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18
Q

What happens within a water molecule?

A

Electrons are shared through polar covalent bonding between the atoms

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19
Q

Why is the water molecule polar?

A

Because oxygen atoms have more protons, which attracts the shared electrons more of the time, creating an unequal distribution of charge
+ hydrogen
- oxygen

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20
Q

What do hydrogen bonds form between?

A

Water molecules

21
Q

What does the cohesion of water molecules allow?

A

Plants to move water under tension in xylem

Retains water on earth surface to serve as habitats

What contributes to physical properties of water important to living organisms

22
Q

What are xylem tissue’s?

A

They are long tubular vessels in vascular plants that form a continuous tube from the roots to the leaves

23
Q

What does lignin provide for a xylem?

A

Extra support for the plant as it grows up against gravity

24
Q

Water has a very high ———- ————?

A

Surface tension

25
Q

What causes water to have a very high surface tension?

A

Cohesive forces between molecules create surface tension

26
Q

What are polar and charged molecules called

A

Hydrophilic because they are attracted to water

27
Q

What is cellulose?

A

It’s a polymer made of glucose that is presented in plant cell walls

28
Q

What is the capillary action?

A

It’s the movement of water in through a narrow space with an opposition to external forces like gravity

29
Q

What does capillary action help with?

A

Bringing the water up into the roots with the help of adhesion and cohesion and water and dissolved ions, can move all the way up into the branches and leaves

30
Q

How do plants take in water?

A

Via osmosis

31
Q

Water is a solvent. What is a solvent, solute and solution

A

Solvent is the liquid in which a solute dissolves

Solute is the substance that dissolves in a solvent

Solution is a mixture of one or more solute dissolved in a solvent

32
Q

What happens when a solute dissolves in water?

A

They are molecules separate from each other and become surrounded by water molecules

33
Q

What is salvation?

A

It’s the interaction of a solvent with the dissolved solute

34
Q

Water forms, hydrogen bonds with a solute. What is this called?

A

Hydration shell around the solute

35
Q

Why will polar molecules dissolve in water?

A

They will dissolve because they are hydrophilic and can form hydrogen bonds with water

36
Q

Why will charged ions dissolve in water?

A

Because they are hydrophilic

37
Q

What happens if molecules are nonpolar with water?

A

They do not dissolve in water because they are hydrophobic

38
Q

What do water solvent properties allow it to be used as

A

As a medium for metabolism

39
Q

Why is water needed for cellular metabolism?

A

So it dissolves the reactants and enzymes so they can come together for reactions

40
Q

What are the types of enzyme reactions?

A

Catabolic and anabolic

41
Q

What do catabolic reactions do?

A

They break down large molecules into smaller molecules

42
Q

What do anabolic reactions do?

A

They build larger molecules for smaller molecules

43
Q

How are hydrophobic lipids transported around the body of an organism?

A

From a structure called Lipoprotein

44
Q

What are physical properties?

A

Observed and measured without changing chemical identity of sample

For example, color length, volume

45
Q

What are chemical properties?

A

Observed and measured as a sample changes chemical identity

For example, flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity

46
Q

What is buoyancy?

A

An upward force applied to an object that is immersed in fluid

47
Q

What is viscosity?

A

It’s a measure of fluids tendency to flow

48
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

A materials, ability to move heat across a temperature gradient

49
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

It’s the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of a chemical per unit mass

IB Biology (1 decks)

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