A03 Summary

Question 1

Gender bias

Answer 1

1) gender differences are fixed and enduring - Macoby and Jacklin vs Joel et al
spatial - boys
verbal - girls

Counterpart - Ingalhalikar et al multitasking - better hemispheres

2) promotes sexism in research process

3) research challenging bias may not be published

Question 2

Cultural bias

Answer 2

Many classic studies are culturally biased - Milgram and Asch
Counterpoint - distinction, globalisation, takano and Osaka
Emergence of cultural psychology

Ethnic stereotyping - IQ TEST

Question 3

Free will and determinism

Answer 3

Free will - practical value
Evidence supports determinism - libet et al
Counterpoint
Role of responsibility in law

Question 4

Nature- nurture

Answer 4

Use of Adoption studies in research
Support for epigenetics - nazi, Dutch, pregnant women - previous life experiences for past gen leave marks
Real world application - OCD

Question 5

Holism and reductionism

Answer 5

Lack practical value
Scientific status
Counterpoint
Need for higher level of explanations

Question 6

Idiographic and nomothetic

Answer 6

Idiographic approach contributes to nomothetic
Both fit aims of science
Individual experience is lost

Question 7

Ethical implications and ssr

Answer 7

Benefits for group studied - homosexuality, dsm
Counterpoint - criminal gene

Policymakers rely on ssr

Poor research design may have a long term impact