A0S4: SKILL ACQUISITION Flashcards
Are skills typically acquired or innate?
Skills are usually acquired or learned, as opposed to being natural or innate.
What the the FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF A SKILLED PERFORMER?
- Consistency
- Movement
- Decision Making
- Focus
- Time
Describe BASIC SKILLS
Basic Skills are:
EASY TO MASTER
known as FUNDAMENTAL MOTOR SKILLS (FMS)
Describe COMPLEX SKILLS
Complex Skills are:
HARD TO MASTER
REQUIRE LOTS OF PRACTISE TO MASTER
Provide an example of a BASIC SKILL and COMPLEX SKILL
Basic Skill: SHORT INSTEP PASS
Complex Skill: SCISSOR KICK
What are FUNDAMENTAL MOTOR SKILLS?
FMS are basic elements of a particular movement.
In FMS, the WHOLE SKILL is called a __________ and the smaller parts of the skill are called __________
MOTOR PROGRAM
SUBROUTINES
Provide an example of a MOTOR PROGRAM and its SUBROUTINES
Motor Program: Tennis Serve
Subroutines: Ball Toss, Striking the Ball, Follow Through
What is an OPEN SKILL?
An Open Skill is a skill that occurs in an unpredictable environment. The performance depends on factors outside the performers’ control.
What is a CLOSED SKILL?
A Closed Skill is a skill that occurs in a predicable environment. The performance depends on factors inside the performers’ control.
What is an INTERNAL SKILL?
An Internal Skill (or INTERNALLY PACED SKILL) is a skill that is executed at a rate that is controlled by the performer.
What is an EXTERNAL SKILL?
An EXTERNAL SKILL (or EXTERNALLY PACED SKILL) is a skill that is executed at a rate that is not controlled by the performer.
THE ENVIRONMENT affects the rate the skill is performed at (weather, opposition players, pressure, etc).
What are GROSS and FINE MOTOR SKILLS?
GROSS MOTOR SKILLS are skills that involve the USE OF LARGE MUSCLE GROUPS (such as KICKING and JUMPING)
FINE MOTOR SKILLS are skills that involve the use of SMALL MUSCLE GROUPS (such as DARTS and SKEET-SHOOTING)
What is a DISCRETE SKILL?
A Discrete Skill is a skill that HAS A DEFINITE BEGINNING AND END, such as a PENALTY KICK or TENNIS SERVE
What is a CONTINUOUS SKILL?
A Continuous Skill is a skill that has NO DEFINITE BEGINNING OR END such as RUNNING, CYCLING or SWIMMING
What is a SERIAL SKILL?
A Serial Skill is a skill that is a COMBINATION OF SKILLS strung together to create a NEW SKILL, such as TRIPLE JUMP or a CRICKET BOWL
What are the FOUR PHASES OF THE LEARNING PROCESS?
- PERCEIVING
- DECIDING
- ACTING
- FEEDBACK
Describe the PERCEIVING phase of the LEARNING PROCESS?
ALSO KNOWN AS INPUT
the perceiving phase is when INFORMATION (from CUES) ARRIVE AT THE BRAIN
CUES can be both INTERNAL and EXTERNAL
INTERNAL CUES are known as PROPRIOCEPTION, which controls BALANCE and MOVEMENT
EXTERNAL CUES are known as ENVIRONMENTAL CUES and are received from senses such as TOUCH, SIGHT and HEARING
Describe the DECIDING phase of the LEARNING PROCESS
During the Deciding Phase, the brain PROCESSES the INFORMATION and DECIDES THE APPROPRIATE PHYSICAL RESPONSE
What is SIGNAL DETECTION?
SIGNAL DETECTION is ABILITY TO DETECT AND RESPOND TO CUES.
can be IMPROVED THROUGH TRAINING
there are factors which affect signal detection including LENGTH OF TIME THE CUE IS PRESENT, INTENSITY OF THE CUE and EYESIGHT OF THE PERFORMER
What is SELECTIVE ATTENTION?
Selective Attention is the ABILITY TO FOCUS ON AND IGNORE CERTAIN CUES
Describe the ACTING phase of the LEARNING PROCESS.
ALSO KNOWN AS OUTPUT
During the Acting Phase, the NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM GUIDES THE PERFORMER in ACTING THE DESIRED MOVEMENT.
What is RESPONSE TIME?
Response Time is the time taken between PERCEIVING (INPUT) and ACTING (OUTPUT).
The response time of a skilled performer is RELATIVELY QUICK compared to an unskilled performer
