AOS3: BIOMECHANICS Flashcards

1
Q

Define Biomechanics

A

Biomechanics is the study of human movement

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2
Q

The formula to work out SPEED/VELOCITY is:

A

Distance/Time

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3
Q

The formula to work out ACCELERATION is:

A

Final Velocity - Initial Velocity/ Time

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4
Q

The formula to work out WEIGHT FORCE is :

A

Mass x Weight of Gravity (9.8)

Answer is always in Newtons

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5
Q

The formula to work out MOMENTUM is:

A

Mass x Velocity

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6
Q

Displacement is the …

A

Location of an object, measured with respect to some known point

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7
Q

What are the TWO MAIN ADVANTAGES OF LEVERS?

A
  1. Increase the speed at which an object is moved

2.
Increase the force applied to an object

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8
Q

What are the THREE PARTS OF A LEVER?

A
  1. Fulcrum
  2. Resistance
  3. Effort
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9
Q

What are the 3 DIFFERENT CLASSES OF LEVERS?

A

1st Class Lever:
The FULCRUM is found in the middle (eg. see-saw)

2nd Class Lever:
The RESISTANCE is found in the middle (eg. wheelbarrow)

3rd Class Lever:
The EFFORT is found in the middle (eg. human arm)

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10
Q

The RESISTANCE ARM is the distance between the __________ and the __________

A

EFFORT

RESISTANCE

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11
Q

The EFFORT ARM is the distance between the __________ and the __________

A

RESISTANCE

FULCRUM

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12
Q

Projectile Motion is…

A

An object that is launched into the air

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13
Q

What are the TWO CONSTANT FORCES acting on a projectile?

A

GRAVITY

AIR RESISTANCE

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14
Q

What are the THREE FACTORS that affect the PATH OF PROJECTILES?

A

HEIGHT OF RELEASE
ANGLE OF RELEASE
SPEED OF RELEASE

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15
Q

How is the MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE of a lever is calculated?

A

Length of Effort Arm/Length of Resistance Arm

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16
Q

What is the name of NEWTON’S FIRST LAW and what does it state?

A

Newton’s First Law of Inertia states that:

A stationary object will remain stationary or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

17
Q

What is the name of NEWTON’S SECOND LAW and what does it state?

A

Newton’s Second Law of Acceleration states that:

The of acceleration of an object is determined by the amount of force applied and the mass of the object.

18
Q

What is the name of NEWTON’S THIRD LAW and what does it state?

A

Newtons Third Law of Reaction states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

19
Q

In order to improve BALANCE AND STABILITY, a person can:

A
  1. LOWER their CENTRE OF GRAVITY
  2. WIDEN their BASE OF SUPPORT
  3. ENSURE their LINE OF GRAVITY is in a direct line through their CENTRE GRAVITY and their BASE OF SUPPORT
20
Q

The SUMMATION OF FORCES is:

A

The sum of all forces contributing to an action or skill.

Can be SEQUENTIAL or SIMULTANEOUS

21
Q

Describe the movement of the human body during a SEQUENTIAL SUMMATION OF FORCES.

A

During a sequential summation of forces, larger/bulkier muscles are activated first and smaller/finer muscles are activated last.

Each muscle group is activated when the previous muscle group reaches its maximum force.

The aim is to produce a well-timed movement with as much force as possible.

22
Q

The COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION measures:

A

The velocity of an object before and after a collision.

It is calculated by:

Height Bounced/Height Dropped

23
Q

What is FLATTENING THE ARC is relation to ACCURACY?

A

When striking an object, a flatter movement can provide more accuracy than a arched technique due to a larger striking surface area. This, however, may decrease the force applied.

Eg. Hockey Drag Flick

24
Q

Describe the movement of the human body during a SEQUENTIAL SUMMATION OF FORCES.

A

During a sequential summation of forces, larger/bulkier muscles are activated first and smaller/finer muscles are activated last.

Each muscle group is activated when the previous muscle group reaches its maximum force.

The aim is to produce a well-timed movement with as much force as possible.

25
The COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION measures:
The velocity of an object before and after a collision. It is calculated by: Height Bounced/Height Dropped
26
What is FLATTENING THE ARC is relation to ACCURACY?
When striking an object, a flatter movement can provide more accuracy than a arched technique due to a larger striking surface area. This, however, may decrease the force applied. Eg. Hockey Drag Flick