AOS3: BIOMECHANICS Flashcards
Define Biomechanics
Biomechanics is the study of human movement
The formula to work out SPEED/VELOCITY is:
Distance/Time
The formula to work out ACCELERATION is:
Final Velocity - Initial Velocity/ Time
The formula to work out WEIGHT FORCE is :
Mass x Weight of Gravity (9.8)
Answer is always in Newtons
The formula to work out MOMENTUM is:
Mass x Velocity
Displacement is the …
Location of an object, measured with respect to some known point
What are the TWO MAIN ADVANTAGES OF LEVERS?
- Increase the speed at which an object is moved
2.
Increase the force applied to an object
What are the THREE PARTS OF A LEVER?
- Fulcrum
- Resistance
- Effort
What are the 3 DIFFERENT CLASSES OF LEVERS?
1st Class Lever:
The FULCRUM is found in the middle (eg. see-saw)
2nd Class Lever:
The RESISTANCE is found in the middle (eg. wheelbarrow)
3rd Class Lever:
The EFFORT is found in the middle (eg. human arm)
The RESISTANCE ARM is the distance between the __________ and the __________
EFFORT
RESISTANCE
The EFFORT ARM is the distance between the __________ and the __________
RESISTANCE
FULCRUM
Projectile Motion is…
An object that is launched into the air
What are the TWO CONSTANT FORCES acting on a projectile?
GRAVITY
AIR RESISTANCE
What are the THREE FACTORS that affect the PATH OF PROJECTILES?
HEIGHT OF RELEASE
ANGLE OF RELEASE
SPEED OF RELEASE
How is the MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE of a lever is calculated?
Length of Effort Arm/Length of Resistance Arm
What is the name of NEWTON’S FIRST LAW and what does it state?
Newton’s First Law of Inertia states that:
A stationary object will remain stationary or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
What is the name of NEWTON’S SECOND LAW and what does it state?
Newton’s Second Law of Acceleration states that:
The of acceleration of an object is determined by the amount of force applied and the mass of the object.
What is the name of NEWTON’S THIRD LAW and what does it state?
Newtons Third Law of Reaction states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
In order to improve BALANCE AND STABILITY, a person can:
- LOWER their CENTRE OF GRAVITY
- WIDEN their BASE OF SUPPORT
- ENSURE their LINE OF GRAVITY is in a direct line through their CENTRE GRAVITY and their BASE OF SUPPORT
The SUMMATION OF FORCES is:
The sum of all forces contributing to an action or skill.
Can be SEQUENTIAL or SIMULTANEOUS
Describe the movement of the human body during a SEQUENTIAL SUMMATION OF FORCES.
During a sequential summation of forces, larger/bulkier muscles are activated first and smaller/finer muscles are activated last.
Each muscle group is activated when the previous muscle group reaches its maximum force.
The aim is to produce a well-timed movement with as much force as possible.
The COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION measures:
The velocity of an object before and after a collision.
It is calculated by:
Height Bounced/Height Dropped
What is FLATTENING THE ARC is relation to ACCURACY?
When striking an object, a flatter movement can provide more accuracy than a arched technique due to a larger striking surface area. This, however, may decrease the force applied.
Eg. Hockey Drag Flick
Describe the movement of the human body during a SEQUENTIAL SUMMATION OF FORCES.
During a sequential summation of forces, larger/bulkier muscles are activated first and smaller/finer muscles are activated last.
Each muscle group is activated when the previous muscle group reaches its maximum force.
The aim is to produce a well-timed movement with as much force as possible.
