A10 Flashcards

1
Q

Infection

A

The process of any microorganisms invading the body, making someone ill

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2
Q

Normal flora

A

Microorganisms that live on another organism that will not cause a disease

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3
Q

Pathogen

A

Microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, fungi that can cause disease

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4
Q

Techniques for infection control

A

-PPE
-Effective hand washing techniques
-Use of cleaning and disinfecting agents
-Good personal hygiene
-Safe disposal of sharps

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5
Q

When to wear disposable gloves

A

-risk of being in contact with bodily fluids
-contact with an open wound/cut
-handling harmful substances
-contact with patients eyes, nose, ears, lips, mouth or genital area

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6
Q

When to wear aprons

A

-carrying out cleaning and tidying tasks
-performing/helping the patient with personal hygiene tasks
-performing/assisting in a procedure that might involve splashing of bodily fluids

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7
Q

How to practice good personal hygiene

A

-washing body and hair regularly
-wearing clean uniform
-cleaning teeth
-covering mouth and nose when coughing/sneezing
-maintaining short, neat and clean nails

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8
Q

Washing hair and body

A

-prevent build up of dirt and sweat
-skin left unwashed results in an obvious smell
-dirty hair can spread infection

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9
Q

Wearing clean uniform

A
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10
Q

Cleaning teeth

A

-prevent bad breath
-brush teeth twice a day
-visit dentist every 6 months

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11
Q

Maintaining short, neat and clean nails

A

-dirt and bacteria can get trapped under long nails
-long nails contribute to the spread of illness and infection
-long nails damage gloves

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12
Q

Covering mouth when sneezing/coughing

A

-reduce the spread of germs
-wash hands after covering mouth

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13
Q

What comes first cleaning or disinfecting

A

Cleaning must be carries out before disinfecting

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14
Q

What does cleaning remove

A

It removes contamination (blood, faeces, vomit)

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15
Q

Detergent

A

Purifying or c,sending agent which increased the ability of water to break down grease or dirt

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16
Q

Disinfectant

A

A substance that destroys inactivates or significantly reduced concentration of pathogens

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17
Q

Aseptic

A

Free from contamination caused by harmful microorganisms surgically sterile or sterilised

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18
Q

When healthcare workers clean or disinfect they must be sure to

A

-follow manufacturers instructions for dilution
-never just guess how much to dilute a disinfectant
-wear PPE
-ensure adequate ventilation
-never use two disinfectants together
-don’t add anything to a disinfectant
-discard disinfectant solution after use
-not ‘top up’ solutions of disinfectant with anything but dispose of any unused solution

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19
Q

When to hand wash

A

-before patient contact
-before a clean procedure
-after bodily fluid exposure risk
-after patient contact
-after contact with patient surroundings

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20
Q

Why should you tie long hair back

A

-contains bacteria which can cause infection
-get in the way of many tasks i.e cleaning up a patient or serving food

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21
Q

Sharps bin with yellow lid

A

Sharps and syringe bodies with residual medicinal product

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22
Q

Yellow waste bags

A

Highly infectious waste plus anatomical waste from theatres and diagnostic specimens

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23
Q

Blue clinical waste bin

A

Waste medicines, out of date medicines, medicine liquids in bottles, blister packs of pills

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24
Q

Orange plastic bags

A

General infectious waste, soloed dressings and autoclaved laboratory waste

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25
Sharps bin with orange lid
Sharps not contaminated with medicinal products
26
Yellow and black striped bags
Offensive/hygiene waste which is not infectious
27
Black plastic bags
General waste such as packaging, plastic containers, tissues, flowers, sand which wrappers
28
The importance of using the correct colour waste bags/bins
Avoids accidental infection such as being injected by used needles, which could lead to serious health implications
29
The importance of stopping the spread of infection
Prevent harm caused to both individuals and healthcare workers
30
Norovirus
Very infectious virus common in the winter which causes diarrhoea and vomiting
31
(HCAIs) Healthcare associated infections
Infections which can occur as a result of having treatment in hospital or after surgical ir medical treatment
32
Importance of good hand washing techniques and personal hygiene
Help prevent the control of disease, infection and as a result illness Reduce the risk of disease, infection and illness being passed on through cross contamination
33
Help prevent the control of disease, infection and as a result illness
Hand washing removes/destroys any bacteria picked up on the hands
34
Reduce the risk of disease, infection and illness being passed on through cross contamination
Hand washing with soap and water is effective in removing most microorganisms from the hands and can go a long way towards preventing cross contamination and cross infection
35
Cross infection can happen in many ways from
-healthcare workers clothes -their hands if unwashed -droplets of infection in the air -inadequately sterilised equipment -inadequately washed bed linen
36
Cross infection
The process by which bacteria or other microorganisms are unintentionally transferred from one person to another with harmful effect
37
Legal requirements
Health and safety at work Act 1974 Control of substances hazardous to health 2002 The reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences 2013
38
RIDDOR
is concerned with certain types of injury, occupational ill health and dangerous occurrences within the workplace
39
Health and safety at work Act 1974
Places responsibility on both the employer and individual employees to do what is reasonable to adequately control the risks of infection for staff and others
40
COSHH
Require employers to prevent/control exposure of employees, patients and visitors to hazardous substances such as certain microorganisms at work
41
To facilitate effective hand hygiene healthcare workers should
-cover cuts with waterproof dressings to prevent harmful bacteria that may present in the cut -keep their arms bare below the elbow -remove wrist or hand jewellery -keep nails short and clean -not wear nail polish -avoid acrylic nails
42
First point in hand washing
Wet hands with water
43
Second point in hand washing
Apply enough soap to cover all hand surfaces
44
Third point in hand washing
Rub hands palm to palm
45
Fourth point in hand washing
Rub back of each hand with palm of other hand with fingers interlaced
46
Fifth point in hand washing
Rub palm to palm with fingers interlaced
47
Sixth point in hand washing
Rub with back of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked
48
Seventh point in hand washing
Rub each thumb clasped in opposite hand using rotational movement
49
Eighth point in hand washing
Rub tips of fingers opposite palm in a circular motion
50
Ninth point in hand washing
Rub each wrist with opposite hand
51
Tenth point in hand washing
Rinse hands with water
52
Eleventh point in hand washing
Use elbow to turn off tap
53
Twelfth point in hand washing
Dry thoroughly with single use towel
54
Reportable infectious diseases
-food poisoning -tuberculosis -scarlet fever -smallpox -meningitis -whooping cough -plague
55
Cleaning
Reduces the presence of microorganisms on surfaces and equipment by removing visible foreign matter and this minimises the risk of the transfer of microorganisms
56
Disinfecting
Used to reduce the number of microorganisms on surfaces to a level that is considered safe, but which may not necessarily destroy sine viruses or bacterial spores
57
What is more effective chemical or heat disinfection
Heat disinfection
58
Sterilisation
Kill all microbes and their spores whether harmful or not present on a surface or object and thus is more effective than disinfection
59
Irradiation
Used for aseptic work areas and for sterilising surgical equipment
60
High pressure sterilisation
Would be used to sterilise contaminated instruments
61
Filtration
Can be used to sterilise fluids such as drugs solutions which would be damaged by heat
62
Decontamination
A combination of processes such as cleaning, disinfecting and sterilising that removes contaminants skin that infectious agents cannot cause infection
63
Different procedures
- cleaning procedures - disinfecting - sterilisation
64
cleaning tools/ cloths and floor scrubbers
There is a colour coding scheme for hospital cleaning materials and equipment
65
Vacuum cleaners
many hospitals require vacuuming if hard surface floors as opposed to dust mopping because vacuuming reduces the amount of dust and other bacteria spores
66
The use of cleaning agents
Thorough cleaning with a neutral detergent and warm water remove large numbers of microorganisms from this surface 
67
Use of disinfectant agent
It prevents the spread of infection among patients and healthcare workers. It is an expensive and kills of microorganisms which cause disease
68
Sterilisation
Application of chemical Physical methods include heat irradiation and filtration. Chemical methods include Using liquid and gaseous chemicals Application of high-pressure This is a method of sterilisation that uses high temperature and pressure generated by water steam. It is a quick effective and inexpensive method of eliminating dangerous microorganisms Application of Heat It works by organising the molecules leading to the organisms death Application of irradiation and filtration Filtration doesn’t destroy microbial contamination but removes them. Irradiation is the process of exposing surfaces and objects to different types of radiation for sterilisation