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T Level Health > A10 > Flashcards

A10 Flashcards

1
Q

Infection

A

The process of any microorganisms invading the body, making someone ill

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2
Q

Normal flora

A

Microorganisms that live on another organism that will not cause a disease

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3
Q

Pathogen

A

Microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, fungi that can cause disease

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4
Q

Techniques for infection control

A

-PPE
-Effective hand washing techniques
-Use of cleaning and disinfecting agents
-Good personal hygiene
-Safe disposal of sharps

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5
Q

When to wear disposable gloves

A

-risk of being in contact with bodily fluids
-contact with an open wound/cut
-handling harmful substances
-contact with patients eyes, nose, ears, lips, mouth or genital area

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6
Q

When to wear aprons

A

-carrying out cleaning and tidying tasks
-performing/helping the patient with personal hygiene tasks
-performing/assisting in a procedure that might involve splashing of bodily fluids

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7
Q

How to practice good personal hygiene

A

-washing body and hair regularly
-wearing clean uniform
-cleaning teeth
-covering mouth and nose when coughing/sneezing
-maintaining short, neat and clean nails

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8
Q

Washing hair and body

A

-prevent build up of dirt and sweat
-skin left unwashed results in an obvious smell
-dirty hair can spread infection

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9
Q

Wearing clean uniform

A
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10
Q

Cleaning teeth

A

-prevent bad breath
-brush teeth twice a day
-visit dentist every 6 months

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11
Q

Maintaining short, neat and clean nails

A

-dirt and bacteria can get trapped under long nails
-long nails contribute to the spread of illness and infection
-long nails damage gloves

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12
Q

Covering mouth when sneezing/coughing

A

-reduce the spread of germs
-wash hands after covering mouth

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13
Q

What comes first cleaning or disinfecting

A

Cleaning must be carries out before disinfecting

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14
Q

What does cleaning remove

A

It removes contamination (blood, faeces, vomit)

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15
Q

Detergent

A

Purifying or c,sending agent which increased the ability of water to break down grease or dirt

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16
Q

Disinfectant

A

A substance that destroys inactivates or significantly reduced concentration of pathogens

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17
Q

Aseptic

A

Free from contamination caused by harmful microorganisms surgically sterile or sterilised

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18
Q

When healthcare workers clean or disinfect they must be sure to

A

-follow manufacturers instructions for dilution
-never just guess how much to dilute a disinfectant
-wear PPE
-ensure adequate ventilation
-never use two disinfectants together
-don’t add anything to a disinfectant
-discard disinfectant solution after use
-not ‘top up’ solutions of disinfectant with anything but dispose of any unused solution

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19
Q

When to hand wash

A

-before patient contact
-before a clean procedure
-after bodily fluid exposure risk
-after patient contact
-after contact with patient surroundings

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20
Q

Why should you tie long hair back

A

-contains bacteria which can cause infection
-get in the way of many tasks i.e cleaning up a patient or serving food

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21
Q

Sharps bin with yellow lid

A

Sharps and syringe bodies with residual medicinal product

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22
Q

Yellow waste bags

A

Highly infectious waste plus anatomical waste from theatres and diagnostic specimens

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23
Q

Blue clinical waste bin

A

Waste medicines, out of date medicines, medicine liquids in bottles, blister packs of pills

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24
Q

Orange plastic bags

A

General infectious waste, soloed dressings and autoclaved laboratory waste

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25
Q

Sharps bin with orange lid

A

Sharps not contaminated with medicinal products

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26
Q

Yellow and black striped bags

A

Offensive/hygiene waste which is not infectious

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27
Q

Black plastic bags

A

General waste such as packaging, plastic containers, tissues, flowers, sand which wrappers

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28
Q

The importance of using the correct colour waste bags/bins

A

Avoids accidental infection such as being injected by used needles, which could lead to serious health implications

29
Q

The importance of stopping the spread of infection

A

Prevent harm caused to both individuals and healthcare workers

30
Q

Norovirus

A

Very infectious virus common in the winter which causes diarrhoea and vomiting

31
Q

(HCAIs) Healthcare associated infections

A

Infections which can occur as a result of having treatment in hospital or after surgical ir medical treatment

32
Q

Importance of good hand washing techniques and personal hygiene

A

Help prevent the control of disease, infection and as a result illness
Reduce the risk of disease, infection and illness being passed on through cross contamination

33
Q

Help prevent the control of disease, infection and as a result illness

A

Hand washing removes/destroys any bacteria picked up on the hands

34
Q

Reduce the risk of disease, infection and illness being passed on through cross contamination

A

Hand washing with soap and water is effective in removing most microorganisms from the hands and can go a long way towards preventing cross contamination and cross infection

35
Q

Cross infection can happen in many ways from

A

-healthcare workers clothes
-their hands if unwashed
-droplets of infection in the air
-inadequately sterilised equipment
-inadequately washed bed linen

36
Q

Cross infection

A

The process by which bacteria or other microorganisms are unintentionally transferred from one person to another with harmful effect

37
Q

Legal requirements

A

Health and safety at work Act 1974
Control of substances hazardous to health 2002
The reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences 2013

38
Q

RIDDOR

A

is concerned with certain types of injury, occupational ill health and dangerous occurrences within the workplace

39
Q

Health and safety at work Act 1974

A

Places responsibility on both the employer and individual employees to do what is reasonable to adequately control the risks of infection for staff and others

40
Q

COSHH

A

Require employers to prevent/control exposure of employees, patients and visitors to hazardous substances such as certain microorganisms at work

41
Q

To facilitate effective hand hygiene healthcare workers should

A

-cover cuts with waterproof dressings to prevent harmful bacteria that may present in the cut
-keep their arms bare below the elbow
-remove wrist or hand jewellery
-keep nails short and clean
-not wear nail polish
-avoid acrylic nails

42
Q

First point in hand washing

A

Wet hands with water

43
Q

Second point in hand washing

A

Apply enough soap to cover all hand surfaces

44
Q

Third point in hand washing

A

Rub hands palm to palm

45
Q

Fourth point in hand washing

A

Rub back of each hand with palm of other hand with fingers interlaced

46
Q

Fifth point in hand washing

A

Rub palm to palm with fingers interlaced

47
Q

Sixth point in hand washing

A

Rub with back of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked

48
Q

Seventh point in hand washing

A

Rub each thumb clasped in opposite hand using rotational movement

49
Q

Eighth point in hand washing

A

Rub tips of fingers opposite palm in a circular motion

50
Q

Ninth point in hand washing

A

Rub each wrist with opposite hand

51
Q

Tenth point in hand washing

A

Rinse hands with water

52
Q

Eleventh point in hand washing

A

Use elbow to turn off tap

53
Q

Twelfth point in hand washing

A

Dry thoroughly with single use towel

54
Q

Reportable infectious diseases

A

-food poisoning
-tuberculosis
-scarlet fever
-smallpox
-meningitis
-whooping cough
-plague

55
Q

Cleaning

A

Reduces the presence of microorganisms on surfaces and equipment by removing visible foreign matter and this minimises the risk of the transfer of microorganisms

56
Q

Disinfecting

A

Used to reduce the number of microorganisms on surfaces to a level that is considered safe, but which may not necessarily destroy sine viruses or bacterial spores

57
Q

What is more effective chemical or heat disinfection

A

Heat disinfection

58
Q

Sterilisation

A

Kill all microbes and their spores whether harmful or not present on a surface or object and thus is more effective than disinfection

59
Q

Irradiation

A

Used for aseptic work areas and for sterilising surgical equipment

60
Q

High pressure sterilisation

A

Would be used to sterilise contaminated instruments

61
Q

Filtration

A

Can be used to sterilise fluids such as drugs solutions which would be damaged by heat

62
Q

Decontamination

A

A combination of processes such as cleaning, disinfecting and sterilising that removes contaminants skin that infectious agents cannot cause infection

63
Q

Different procedures

A
  • cleaning procedures
  • disinfecting
  • sterilisation
64
Q

cleaning tools/ cloths and floor scrubbers

A

There is a colour coding scheme for hospital cleaning materials and equipment

65
Q

Vacuum cleaners

A

many hospitals require vacuuming if hard surface floors as opposed to dust mopping because vacuuming reduces the amount of dust and other bacteria spores

66
Q

The use of cleaning agents

A

Thorough cleaning with a neutral detergent and warm water remove large numbers of microorganisms from this surface 

67
Q

Use of disinfectant agent

A

It prevents the spread of infection among patients and healthcare workers. It is an expensive and kills of microorganisms which cause disease

68
Q

Sterilisation

A

Application of chemical
Physical methods include heat irradiation and filtration. Chemical methods include Using liquid and gaseous chemicals
Application of high-pressure
This is a method of sterilisation that uses high temperature and pressure generated by water
steam. It is a quick effective and inexpensive method of eliminating dangerous microorganisms
Application of Heat
It works by organising the molecules leading to the organisms death
Application of irradiation and filtration
Filtration doesn’t destroy microbial contamination but removes them. Irradiation is the process of exposing surfaces and objects to different types of radiation for sterilisation

T Level Health (20 decks)

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