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T Level Health > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Ions

A

Atoms that have lost electrons or gained electrons

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2
Q

Loss of electrons

A

Positive ion

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3
Q

Gain of electrons

A

Negative ion

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4
Q

Metallic bonding

A

is the force of attraction between these free-moving (delocalised) electrons and positive metal ions

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5
Q

Metallic bonding electrical conductivity

A

The delocalised electrons are free to move throughout the lattice, this means they can carry an electric current (good electrical conductors)

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6
Q

Metallic bonding thermal conductivity

A

The delocalised electrons can move and vibrate and so transfer thermal energy from one to another through the metal (good conductors of heat)

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7
Q

Metallic bonding malleability

A

Metals are malleable (they can be hammered into shape)

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8
Q

Metallic bonding ductility

A

Metals are ductile (they can be drawn into wires)

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9
Q

Electrostatic attraction metallic bonding

A

-greater electrostatic attraction between the positive ions and delocalised electrons
-more energy is needed to overcome these forces

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10
Q

Group 1 melting point

A

Low

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11
Q

Group 1 density

A

Low

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12
Q

Group 1 hardness and strength

A

Soft and weak

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13
Q

Group 1 reactivity with oxygen

A

High to ver high

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14
Q

Group 1 reactivity with chlorine

A

React vigorously to produce solid metal chlorides

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15
Q

Group 1 reactivity with water

A

Vigorous to very vigorous

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16
Q

Group 1 metals

A

-Highly reactive
-1 single electron in the outer shell
-reactivity increases as you go down the group

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17
Q

Corrosion

A

The process where metals react with substances in the air to form oxides, carbonates, hydroxides or other compounds

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18
Q

Transition metals melting point

A

High

19
Q

Transition metals density

A

High

20
Q

Transition metals hardness and strength

A

Hard and strong

21
Q

Transition metals reactivity with oxygen

A

Slow to very slow

22
Q

Transition metals reactivity with chlorine

A

Less reactive, iron wool heated strongly will react with chlorine to produce iron (II) chloride

23
Q

Transition metals reactivity with water

A

Relatively unreactive

24
Q

When group 1 metals react with water they form

A

Hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide

25
Q

When group 1 metals react with oxygen to form

A

Solid white oxides

26
Q

an acid

A

a proton H+ ions donor. contains H+ ions

27
Q

an alkali

A

a water soluble base. contains OH- ions

28
Q

a base

A

a proton H+ ions acceptor

29
Q

physical properties of acid

A
  • they are irritant
  • react with bases in a neutralisation reaction
  • react with metals to form hydrogen gas
  • pH less than 7
30
Q

neutralisation reaction

A

acid + base -> water + salt

31
Q

collision theory 3 statements

A
  • molecules must collide in order to react
  • molecules must have enough energy when they collide
  • molecules must be in the correct spatial orientation when they collide
32
Q

proton

A
  • found in nucleus
  • +1 charge
  • mass of 1
33
Q

neutron

A
  • found in nucleus
  • no charge
  • mass of 1
34
Q

electron

A
  • found in orbitals
  • -1 charge
  • mass of 1/2000th
35
Q

collision theory temp

A

as temp increases, kinetic energy of the molecules increases. they move faster according them to collide more

36
Q

increasing the temp

A

increases the probability of collision
increases the proportion of molecules with enough energy to react

37
Q

collision theory catalysts

A

provide an alternative reaction pathway that has a lower activation energy. more molecules will have enough energy to react

38
Q

chromotography

A

the separation of the components of a mixture in a liquid or gas carrying it through a structure holding the stationary phase

39
Q

adsorption

A

when a substance binds to or attaches to another

40
Q

adsorbent

A

often used to describe the stationary phase in chromatography because substances become adsorbed to it during separation

41
Q

affinity

A

attraction towards two phases

42
Q

stationary phase

A

is fixed

43
Q

mobile phase

A

is able to move

T Level Health (20 decks)

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