A104 Airplane Performance

Question 1

What are the effects of Weight?

Answer 1

• Lower weight reduces fuel burn, thrust requirements, stalling speed, etc.
• As weight increases, overall aircraft performance decreases

Question 2

Excess weight reduces performance by:

Answer 2

• Higher required takeoff speed
• Longer takeoff run
• Reduced rate and angle of climb
• Lower maximum altitude
• Shorter range
• Reduced cruising speed
• Reduced maneuverability
• Higher stalling speed
• Higher approach & landing speed
• Longer landing roll

Question 3

Define Basic Empty Weight

Answer 3

The airframe, engines, and all items of operating
equipment that have fixed locations and are permanently installed in the aircraft.
It includes fixed ballast, hydraulic fluid, unusable fuel, and full engine oil.

Question 4

Define Useful Load

Answer 4

Weight of the pilot, passengers, baggage, usable fuel, and
drainable oil

Question 5

Define Max ramp weight

Answer 5

Total weight of loaded aircraft, includes all fuel. It is
heavier than takeoff weight due to fuel burned during the taxi and run-up ops.

Question 6

What is the definition of Maximum takeoff weight?

Answer 6

The maximum allowable weight for takeoff

Question 7

Standard weight for AV 100LL?

Answer 7

6.0lbs per gal

Question 8

Standard weight for AV Oil?

Answer 8

7.5lbs per gal

Question 9

Effects of Balance

Answer 9

The prime concern of balancing the aircraft is the fore and aft location of the
Center of Gravity (CG) along the longitudinal axis.

Question 10

What is the Center of Gravity?

Answer 10

The balance point of an aircraft.

Question 11

What is the Datum Line?

Answer 11

an imaginary vertical plane from which all arm measurements are taken.

Question 12

Aft CG does what to Stall Speed?

Answer 12

Lowers stall speed.

Question 13

Aft CG does what to cruise speed?

Answer 13

Higher cruise speed with less drag b/c less lift is required of the wings

Question 14

Aft CG requires ______ downward force on the tail to maintain straight and level flight

Answer 14

Less

Question 15

Forward CG requires ______ downward force on the tail to maintain straight and level flight

Answer 15

More

Question 16

Forward CG does what to Stall Speed?

Answer 16

Increases

Question 17

Forward CG does what to stability?

Answer 17

More Stable

Question 18

Forward CG does what to Cruise Speed?

Answer 18

Decreases

Question 19

Aft CG does what to stability?

Answer 19

Less stable

Question 20

Method for determining the weight and balance of an aircraft?

Answer 20

Graphs and tables provided by the aircraft manufacturer

Question 21

2 Biggest Factors for Weight at IFT

Answer 21

Aircrew Weight
Fuel Amount

Question 22

When could Minimum Fuel be a problem?

Answer 22

Could be an Issue if:
* Very Heavy
* Low on Fuel
* Near or into the fuel
reserves

Question 23

Lifting capacity of the a/c is based on what?

Answer 23

Depends upon the design of the wing, the speed at which the wing moves through the air, and the density of the air.

Question 24

Where is air most dense?

Answer 24

Close to surface

Question 25

Does less dense air give better or worse performance?

Answer 25

Worse performance.

Question 26

3 main characteristics of air that directly affect aircraft performance:

Answer 26

 Air Pressure  Temperature  Humidity

Question 27

Higher air temperature equals

Answer 27

Lower air density

Question 28

Lower air density means

Answer 28

Decreased a/c performance

Question 29

Is water vapor heavier or lighter than air?

Answer 29

Lighter

Question 30

Dry air does what to performance?

Answer 30

Better performance versus high humidity

Question 31

Of the performance factors, which is the least signifcant?

Answer 31

Humidity

Question 32

Standard Sea Level Barometric Pressure

Answer 32

29.92

Question 33

Standard Sea Level Temperature:

Answer 33

15 C

Question 34

Standard Relative humidity:

Answer 34

0%

Question 35

Standard temperature lapse rate:

Answer 35

2°C decrease / 1,000 feet altitude increase

Question 36

Standard pressure lapse rate:

Answer 36

1 inch Hg decrease / 1,000 feet altitude increase

Question 37

What is Pressure Altitude?

Answer 37

The height in the ISA that corresponds to currently sensed pressure around the aircraft. The height above (or below) the standard datum plane

Question 38

Low altimeter settings are ______ for performance?

Answer 38

Bad

Question 39

What is density altitude?

Answer 39

- Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature variations (Increased temp will increase DA) - Equals pressure altitude in a standard atmosphere

Question 40

What is Landing roll distance?

Answer 40

The distance from touchdown (TD) until the airplane comes to a stop by using the recommended braking technique

Question 41

What is Landing Distance?

Answer 41

To clear a 50 foot obstacle, cumulative distance from beginning of runway to when the landing roll is completed

Question 42

What is the Best Rate of Climb (VY??

Answer 42

The speed that delivers the greatest gain in altitude in the shortest possible time.

Question 43

What is Best Angle of Climb (VX)

Answer 43

The speed that delivers the greatest gain of altitude in the shortest possible horizontal distance.