A.1.1 Inter-system communication

Question 1

Organisation of the nervous system

Answer 1

CNS,PSN,sensory (a), motor (e), autonomic, somatic, sympathetic, parasympathetic

Question 2

CNS (central nervous system)

Answer 2

• brain and spinal cord
• conscious and uncounscious nervous activity
• regulates the physiological functions
• spinal cord helps information travel between the brain and the rest if the body

Question 3

PNS (peripheral nervous system)

Answer 3

• consists of all the nerves outside if the CNS
• divided into sensory (afferent) nerves and motor (efferent) nerves

Question 4

Sensory (afferent) nerves

Answer 4

Sends information to the CNS what is goin on inside and outside the body

Question 5

Motor (efferent) nerves

Answer 5

Sends information from the CNS to the tissue or system of the body

Question 6

Somatic nervous system

Answer 6

controls the voluntary movements of the skeletal muscle

Question 7

automatic nervous system

Answer 7

control involuntary bodily functions e.g heart rate and breathing

Question 8

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

• activate the flight -or-flight response
• increased heart rate

Question 9

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 9

• helps the involuntary functions
• body’s housekeeping system
• decrease in heart rate

Question 10

Vasodilation

Answer 10

widening of blood vessels (relaxation of the smooth muscle)

Question 11

Vasoconstriction

Answer 11

narrowing of blood vessels (contraction of the smooth muscle)

Question 12

Hypothalamus

Answer 12

responsable foe maintaining homeostasis
- regulating the affect of the internal environment

Question 13

Thalamus

Answer 13

important for motor control

Question 14

Role of the nervous system in controlling heart rate

Answer 14

• the sympathetic increases the heart rate
• the parasympathetic decreases the heart rate

Question 15

Proprioceptors

Answer 15

• provide information about body positions
• amount of tension
• position of joints

Question 16

Chemoreceptors

Answer 16

• detect chnages in levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen
• sends messages to the brain to provide input to any system

Question 17

Baroreceptors

Answer 17

• detect low or high pressure
• located in arteries
• help regualte blood pressure

Question 18

The endocrine system

Answer 18

• responses take longer to be sent but last longer than the NS
• glands that release hormones into the bloodstream to regulate functions in the body

Question 19

Hormones

Answer 19

• chemicals released by glands or tissues to control and regualte the activity of other cells in the body
• hormones are directly sent into the blood to target cells
• can only interact with specific receptors on some cells

Question 20

What does the Diencephalon contain

Answer 20

• Hypothalamus ( centre of homeostasis)
• Thalamus (motor control)

Question 21

Bundle of His and purkinje fibres

Answer 21

• The Bundle of His is like a wire in the middle of the heart. It carries the electrical signal
• Purkinje fibres spread the signal through the ventricles to make them contract

Question 22

How does a sensory stimulus bring about a motor response

Answer 22

• Stimulus detected
• Sensory neurons sends signal
• Prossessing in the CNS
• Motor neuron sneds signal
• Response happens

Question 23

Insulin and glucagon

Answer 23

• help regulate blood sugar concentration
• insulin lowers blood sugar by helping cells absorb and store glucose
• glucagon raises blood sugar by releasing stored glucose from the liver

Question 24

Type of hormones

Answer 24

• Steroid are fat-soluble and pass through cell membane e.g testosterone
• non-steroid are not fat-soluble e.g adrebaline