A1.2 Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA

Question 1

What is the definition of a nucleic acid?

Answer 1

Molecules that store and transmit genetic information.

Question 2

Is DNA double or single stranded?

Answer 2

Double-stranded

Question 3

Is RNA double or single stranded?

Answer 3

Single stranded

Question 4

What type of sugar is in DNA?

Answer 4

Deoxyribose

Question 5

What type of sugar is in RNA?

Answer 5

Ribose

Question 6

What are the bases of DNA?

Answer 6

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 7

What are the bases of RNA?

Answer 7

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 8

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 8

Stores genetic info.

Question 9

What is the function of RNA?

Answer 9

Helps in protein synthesis.

Question 10

Where does transcription happen?

Answer 10

In the nucleus (for eukaryotes)

Question 11

Where does translation happen?

Answer 11

In the ribosome (in the cytoplasm)

Question 12

What is polymerase?

Answer 12

Enzyme that builds new strands of DNA or RNA by adding nucleotides

Question 13

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Answer 13

Helps copy DNA during DNA replication

Question 14

What is the function of RNA polymerase?

Answer 14

Helps mRNA form DNA during transcription

Question 15

How does DNA polymerase help copy DNA during DNA replication?

Answer 15

By adding complementary nucleotides to the new DNA strand.

Question 16

How does RNA polymerase help make mRNA from DNA during transcription?

Answer 16

By reading DNA and building mRNa with complementary bases

Question 17

What is an example of DNA polymerase?

Answer 17

If the original DNA has an A a T is added.

Question 18

What is an example of RNA polymerase?

Answer 18

If the original DNA has an A, a U is added.

Question 19

What is a monomer?

Answer 19

A nucleotide made of a phosphate group, a sugar and a nitrogenous base.

Question 20

What does the phosphate group do in DNA?

Answer 20

Forms the backbone

Question 21

What are the base pairing rules for DNA?

Answer 21

A pairs with T, C pairs with G

Question 22

What are the base pairing rules for RNA?

Answer 22

A pairs with U, C pairs with G

Question 23

How many hydrogen bonds are there when A pairs with T?

Answer 23

2 hydrogen bonds

Question 24

How many hydrogen bonds are there when C pairs with G?

Answer 24

3 hydrogen bonds

Question 25

What do the hydrogen bonds do in DNA?

Answer 25

The hydrogen bonds are the weak attractions that hold the two DNA strands together.

Question 26

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 26

mRNA- messenger RNA tRNA- transfer RNA rRNa- ribosomal DNA

Question 27

What does mRNA do?

Answer 27

Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes.

Question 28

What does tRNA do?

Answer 28

Brings amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Question 29

What does rRNA do?

Answer 29

Forms part of the ribosome

Question 30

What does it mean if a DNA molecule is semi-conservative?

Answer 30

Each new DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand

Question 31

In transcription, DNA _____ (by RNA _____) Then, RNA polymerase copies one strand of DNA into ____. Lastly, mRNA leaves the ____ and goes back to the ribosome.

Answer 31

In transcription DNA unzips (by RNA polymerase) Then, RNA polymerase copies one strand of DNA into mRNA. Lastly, mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes back to the ribosome.

Question 32

In translation, mRNA attaches to the _____. Then, RNA brings _____ _____ to the ribosome. The ribosome reads the mRNA in ____ (sets of 3 bases). Each codon matches a specific ____ carrying a specific amino acid. The amino acids link together to form a ______.

Answer 32

In translation, mRNA attaches to the ribosome. Then, RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome. The ribosome reads the mRNA in codons (sets of 3 bases) Each codon matches a specific tRNa carrying a specific amino acid. The amino acids link together to form a protein.