B1.1 Carbohydrates and Lipids

Question 1

What is the definition of a carbohydrate?

Answer 1

Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Question 2

What is the function of a carbohydrate?

Answer 2

Main source of energy and used for structural support in cells.

Question 3

What are the three types of carbohydrates called?

Answer 3

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides.

Question 4

What is the definition of a monosaccharide?

Answer 4

A simple sugar, the smallest carbohydrate unit

Question 5

What are three examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 5

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 6

What is glucose?

Answer 6

Main energy source

Question 7

Where is fructose found?

Answer 7

In fruit

Question 8

What is galactose?

Answer 8

Part of the lactose (milk sugar)

Question 9

What is the definition of a disaccharide?

Answer 9

Two sugars, formed when two monosaccharides bond together.

Question 10

What are some examples of disaccharides?

Answer 10

Maltose, sucrose, lactose

Question 11

What is maltose?

Answer 11

Glucose + Glucose

Question 12

What is sucrose?

Answer 12

Glucose + Fructose

Question 13

What is lactose?

Answer 13

Glucose + Galactose

Question 14

What is the definition of a polysaccharide?

Answer 14

Large carbohydrate molecules made of many monosaccharides.

Question 15

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 15

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 16

What is starch responsible for?

Answer 16

Energy storage in plants

Question 17

What is glycogen responsible for?

Answer 17

Energy storage in animals (liver and muscles)

Question 18

What is cellulose?

Answer 18

Structural component of plant cell walls

Question 19

What is the definition of a lipid?

Answer 19

Organic molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen, with some oxygen

Question 20

What is the function of a lipid?

Answer 20

Long-term energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure

Question 21

What are the three types of lipids?

Answer 21

Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

Question 22

What are triglycerides?

Answer 22

Fats & oils

Question 23

What is the structure of a triglyceride?

Answer 23

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 24

What is the function of a triglyceride?

Answer 24

Energy storage

Question 25

What are the two types of triglycerides?

Answer 25

Saturated fats and unsaturated fats

Question 26

How many double bonds does a saturated fat have?

Answer 26

none

Question 27

How many double bonds does an unsaturated fat have?

Answer 27

One or more double bonds

Question 28

What state of matter is a saturated fat at room temperature?

Answer 28

Solid

Question 29

What state of matter is an unsaturated fat at room temperature?

Answer 29

Liquid

Question 30

What is an example of a saturated fat?

Answer 30

Butter

Question 31

What is an example of an unsaturated fat?

Answer 31

Olive oil

Question 32

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

Answer 32

1 glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group

Question 33

What is the function of a phospholipid?

Answer 33

Forms at the cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)

Question 34

What is the structure of a steroid?

Answer 34

Four carbon rings

Question 35

What is the function of a steroid?

Answer 35

Hormones like testosterone and estrogen

Question 36

Does a carbohydrate have long or short term energy storage?

Answer 36

Short term

Question 37

Does a lipid have short or long term energy storage?

Answer 37

Long term

Question 38

Which is made of fatty acids, carbohydrates or lipids?

Answer 38

Lipids

Question 39

Which is made of sugar units, carbohydrates or lipids?

Answer 39

Carbohydrates

Question 40

Which is soluble in water, carbohydrates or lipids?

Answer 40

Carbohydrates