A18&19: Abdomen

Question 1

What is the cranial border of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 1

Diaphragm

Question 2

What is the caudal border of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 2

Pelvic inlet

Question 3

What are the lateral borders of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 3

Body wall muscles & ribs

Question 4

What is the ventral border of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 4

Linea alba & xiphoid cartilage

Question 5

What is the dorsal border of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 5

Lumbar & sacral vertebrae + hypaxial muscles

Question 6

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

Answer 6

Cranial flexure of duodenum, ascending duodenum, caudal flexure of duodenum & descending duodenum

Question 7

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 7

Duodenum, jejunum & ileum

Question 8

What is the name of the blind end of the colon?

Answer 8

The caecum.

Question 9

What are the 3 parts of the colon?

Answer 9

Ascending colon, transverse colon & descending colon.

Question 10

How are the caecum & colon connected?

Answer 10

By the caecocolic sphincter.

Question 11

What is the gallbladder associated with?

Answer 11

The right medial & quadrate lobes of the liver.

Question 12

Where is the spleen located?

Answer 12

On the left side of the abdomen

Question 13

What is special about the right kidney?

Answer 13

It’s more cranial than the left

Question 14

What is special about the kidneys & the ureters?

Answer 14

They are retroperitoneal.

Question 15

Which part of the male reproductive tract is found in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 15

Part of the ductus deferens.

Question 16

What serous membrane lines the inner abdominal inner wall, pelvic & scrotal cavity walls?

Answer 16

Parietal peritoneum

Question 17

How does the peritoneal cavity communicate with the outside in the female?

Answer 17

By the uterine tubes.

Question 18

What is the greater omentum attached to?

Answer 18

The greater curvature of the stomach to the ventral body wall, where it folds over and returns to the dorsal body wall.

Question 19

What is the omental bursa and how do you enter it?

Answer 19

It’s the space between the superficial & the deep leaf. Entered by the epiploic foramen.

Question 20

What is the lesser omentum attached to?

Answer 20

From the lesser curvature of the stomach to the papillary process of the caudate lobe of the liver.

Question 21

What does the gastrosplenic ligament attach to?

Answer 21

Between the stomach & the spleen.

Question 22

What does the mesoduodenum attach to?

Answer 22

The duodenum and the dorsal body wall.

Question 23

What does the duodenocolic fold attach to?

Answer 23

It attaches the duodenum to the colon.

Question 24

What is the greater mesentery composed of?

Answer 24

The mesojejunum & the mesoileum.

Question 25

Where is the mesenteric root located?

Answer 25

At the level of the second lumbar vertebra.

Question 26

What is the ileocaecal junction attached to?

Answer 26

Between the ileum and caecum.

Question 27

What is the mesocolon attached to?

Answer 27

Between the colon & dorsal body wall.

Question 28

What is the mesorectum attached to?

Answer 28

Between the rectum & the dorsal body wall.

Question 29

What does the proper ligament attach to?

Answer 29

Ovary to uterine horn.

Question 30

What does the suspensory ligament attach to?

Answer 30

Ovary to the last rib.

Question 31

What does the broad ligament attach to?

Answer 31

The uterus to the body wall.

Question 32

State the 6 lobes of the liver.

Answer 32

Left lateral, left medial, quadrate, right medial, right lateral & caudate lobe.

Question 33

What are the 2 process of the caudate lobe, and which one holds the right kidney?

Answer 33

Papillary & caudate processes. Caudate process has a renal fossa.

Question 34

Which lobes is the gallbladder associated with?

Answer 34

The quadrate and right medial lobes.

Question 35

What does it mean that the kidneys are retroperitoneal?

Answer 35

They are covered in peritoneum on their ventral surface but not their dorsal surface.

Question 36

Where are the right and left kidneys located?

Answer 36

Right kidney: between lumbar vertebrae 1-3 Left kidney: between lumbar vertebrae 2-4

Question 37

Where are adrenal glands located?

Answer 37

Near the craniomedial poles of kidneys.

Question 38

What part of the female reproductive tract is located in the abdomen?

Answer 38

The ovaries & uterus

Question 39

What part of the male reproductive tract is located in the abdomen?

Answer 39

Part of the ductus deferens.

Question 40

State the arteries supplying the abdomen and whether they are paired or unpaired.

Answer 40

- Celiac a. (unpaired) - Cranial mesenteric a. (unpaired) - Phrenicoabdominal aa. (paired) - Renal aa. (paired) - Lumbar aa. (paired) - Ovarian/Testicular aa. (paired) - Caudal mesenteric a. (unpaired) - Deep circumflex iliac aa. (paired) - External iliac aa. (paired) - Internal iliac aa. (paired) - Mediosacral a. (unpaired)

Question 41

State the veins draining the abdomen and whether they are paired or unpaired.

Answer 41

- Hepatic v. (unpaired) - Phrenicoabdominal vv. (paired) - Renal vv. (paired) - Ovarian/Testicular vv. (paired) - Lumbar vv. (paired) - Deep circumflex iliac vv. (paired) - External iliac vv. (paired) - Internal iliac vv. (paired)

Question 42

What are the branches of the celiac a. and what does each supply?

Answer 42

- Gastric a.: supplies stomach, pancreas & omenta. - Splenic a.: supplies the spleen. - Hepatic a.: supplies liver & pancreas.

Question 43

What does the cranial mesenteric a. supply?

Answer 43

The small intestines, caecum, colon & pancreas

Question 44

What do the phrenicoabdominal aa. supply?

Answer 44

Abdominal wall muscles & diaphragm

Question 45

What do the renal aa. supply?

Answer 45

The kidneys

Question 46

What do lumbar aa. supply?

Answer 46

Vertebral canal, epaxial muscles & dorsal skin.

Question 47

What do ovarian/testicular aa. supply?

Answer 47

Ovaries & testicles respectively

Question 48

What does the caudal mesenteric a. supply?

Answer 48

The descending colon & rectum.

Question 49

What do deep circumflex iliac aa. supply?

Answer 49

Caudal abdominal wall

Question 50

What do external iliac aa. supply?

Answer 50

Hindlimb & abdominal wall

Question 51

What do internal iliac aa. supply?

Answer 51

Muscles on ilium

Question 52

What does the mediosacral a. supply?

Answer 52

The tail & caudal body region.

Question 53

Which veins drain into the hepatic vein?

Answer 53

- Cranial mesenteric v. - Caudal mesenteric v. - Gastroduodenal v. - Splenic v.

Question 54

Why do unpaired visceral vv. not drain directly into the caudal vena cava?

Answer 54

Because they come from the stomach, small intestines, spleen, so draining into the hepatic v. prevents contamination.

Question 55

What does the cranial mesenteric v. drain?

Answer 55

Small intestines mainly + caecum, colon & pancreas

Question 56

What does the caudal mesenteric v. drain?

Answer 56

Distal colon

Question 57

What does the splenic v. drain?

Answer 57

Spleen

Question 58

What does the gastroduodenal v. drain?

Answer 58

Stomach, pancreas, omenta & duodenum

Question 59

What is the blood supply to the female reproductive tract in the abdomen?

Answer 59

Ovarian aa. supply the ovaries & cranial part of the uterine horns & tube. Uterine aa. supply uterine horns & body.

Question 60

Where are ovarian & uterine aa. located?

Answer 60

In the broad ligament

Question 61

What is the blood supply of the mammae?

Answer 61

Thoracic mammae: lateral thoracic aa. & intercostal aa. Abdominal mammae: cranial superficial epigastric aa., phrenicoabdominal aa., caudal superficial epigastric aa., & deep circumflex iliac aa. Inguinal mammae: caudal superficial epigastric aa. & deep circumflex iliac aa.