H02: Connective Tissues

Question 1

What is parenchyma?

Answer 1

Tissue that carry out the organ’s function

Question 2

What is the stroma?

Answer 2

Extracellular material that support the parenchyma.

Question 3

What are the 2 types of CT?

Answer 3

Proper and specialised

Question 4

What are the 2 subtypes of CT proper?

Answer 4

Dense & loose

Question 5

What are the subtypes of dense CT proper?

Answer 5

Regular
Irregular
Elastic

Question 6

What are the subtypes of loose CT proper?

Answer 6

Areolar
Reticular
Adipose

Question 7

What are the 3 subtypes of specialised CT?

Answer 7

Blood
Bone
Cartilage

Question 8

What are the 3 subtypes of cartilage?

Answer 8

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic

Question 9

What are the 2 subtypes of bone?

Answer 9

Spongy & compact

Question 10

What is the role of mesenchymal stem cells?

Answer 10

To generate most CT cells.

Question 11

What is the potency of mesenchymal stem cells?

Answer 11

Multipotent

Question 12

Where and when are mesenchymal stem cells found?

Answer 12

Found in the mesenchyme during development

Question 13

Do adults have mesenchymal stem cells?

Answer 13

Yes, a small number

Question 14

What is the role of fibroblasts?

Answer 14

Secrete ECM & synthesise the precursors of elastin & collagen

Question 15

Where are fibroblasts found?

Answer 15

Everywhere in CT

Question 16

What is the role of adipocytes?

Answer 16

They store fat, absorp shock & insulate. Are metabolically active & have an endocrine role

Question 17

What are myofibroblasts used for and what makes them adapted for their purpose?

Answer 17

They are used in scar formation because they are contractile so can draw scar tissue together.

Question 18

What are 2 subtypes of defence cells?

Answer 18

Fixed intrinsic cells & wandering extrinsic cells

Question 19

What are the 3 subtypes of fixed intrinsic cells?

Answer 19

Mast cells, dendritic subtype & macrophages

Question 20

What is the role of mast cells?

Answer 20

Involved in allergic reaction as they contain histamines.

Question 21

What structures do collagen fibres form?

Answer 21

Fibre and mesh structures

Question 22

What does type I collagen form and what does it do?

Answer 22

Forms fibrous structures for tensile & compressive strengths

Question 23

What does type II collagen form and what does it do?

Answer 23

Forms fibrils for mechanical strength & architecture. Forms cartilage.

Question 24

What does type III collagen form and what does it do?

Answer 24

Forms mesh structures so involved in compartmentalisation.

Question 25

What does type IV collagen form and what does it do?

Answer 25

Associates with laminin to form basement membranes

Question 26

How is collagen synthesised?

Answer 26

1) fibroblasts secrete pro-collagen in the ECM. 2) 3 alpha polypeptide chains join together to form1 collagen fibrils 3) Fibrils join together to form fibrous or mesh-like structures

Question 27

What structure does elastin form?

Answer 27

Fibrous and sheet-like structures

Question 28

What are the properties of elastin?

Answer 28

Elastic & stretch Densely packed

Question 29

What is ground substance made of?

Answer 29

A mix of carbohydrates and glycoproteins

Question 30

How is ground substance formed?

Answer 30

Glycosaminoglycans are negatively charged. They attach to a large network of hyaluronic acid. The negative charge attracts Na+. In turn water is drawn in by osmosis.

Question 31

What is the role of ground susbtance?

Answer 31

Provide volume Compression resistance Shock absorption Diffusion medium

Question 32

What is the difference between brown and white adipose tissue?

Answer 32

White adipose tissue is only composed of adipocytes & vasculature while brown adipose tissue also has mitochondria. Brown adipose tissue produces heat that is circulated around the body via the blood while white adipose tissue is "simple" insulation. Brown adipose tissue is found in hibernating animals & newborns while white adipose tissue is found in everyone.