A2: The healthcare sector

Question 1

How is the NHS funded?

Answer 1

Funded by the tax payer and the UK government.

Question 2

How is private healthcare funded?

Answer 2

Ran by private individuals corporations that charge a fee for services

Question 3

Give examples of private healthcare

Answer 3

Bupa
Nuffield health

Question 4

What is the aim of private/non-profit organisations?

Answer 4

Not make money for directors and to provide a benefit for society.

Question 5

What is primary care?

Answer 5

First contact where patient may be questioned

Question 6

Give examples of primary care

Answer 6

Dentist
GP
A&E

Question 7

What is secondary care?

Answer 7

Hospital services where the patient may attend as an inpatient or outpatient.

Question 8

Give examples of secondary care

Answer 8

GP referral
Cardiology
Oncology

Question 9

What is tertiary care?

Answer 9

Care that is provided by nursing homes and hospices

Question 10

Give some features of tertiary care

Answer 10

Long-term
Highly specialist
Used as respite
End of life

Question 11

Give some features of community health services

Answer 11

Support across a range of needs
Supports those with complex needs

Question 12

Give the barriers for accessing healthcare services

Answer 12

Socioeconomic
Psychological
Physical
Cultural and language
Geographical

Question 13

What are some personal factors?

Answer 13

Pre-existing condition
Physical disabilities
Mental health
Learning disabilities
Different ages
Social care needs

Question 14

Give three apps that’s helps with personal health monitoring

Answer 14

Evergreen life
NHS app
My diabetes, my way

Question 15

What are the benefits of different developments in technology?

Answer 15

Supports health professionals to manage appointments
Promotes healthier choices by offering information and advice
Supports independent management
Supports work of healthcare professionals.

Question 16

How does assistive computer technology (CAM/CAD/3D printing) help healthcare?

Answer 16

enables professionals to treat conditions more efficiently
provides solutions and treatments

Question 17

State benefits of assistive computer technology

Answer 17

Can create health implants and create an exact copy of patients organs
Reduces operation time
3D printing can create prosethetic limbs
Can print surgical instruments

Question 18

Give some benefits of robotic surgery

Answer 18

Small incision

Less pain

Less damage

Less visible scars

Question 19

How does artificial technologies support the healthcare sector?

Answer 19

Supports health teams by accessing data across a wider geographical area

Helps professionals stay informed about trends and response to treatment

Supports diagnosis through use of patient data/images

Question 20

What did William beveridge do?

Answer 20

1942 he wrote the Beverage report that outlined the five evils in society.

Question 21

When was the NHS founded?

Answer 21

5th July 1948

Question 22

In 1945, what did Aneurin Bevan bring into force?

Answer 22

NHS act that stated the following:
- everyone entitled to use it
- free at point of use
- based on need rather than ability to pay

Question 23

In order to meet demands and increasing costs; what has been enforced to help this?

Answer 23

Prescription charges

Limited numbers of IVF

Charges for some dental work

Question 24

State some potential impacts of future developments

Answer 24

AI - improved triage systems

Technological infrastructure - collaboration across services

Regenerative medicine - restore functions to damaged organs and tissues

Biomarkers - identifying early consent CVD and increased success rate for drug development

Remote care: online clinics and mobile screenings

Patient self-management - personal health monitors

Funding of services - stretched funding due to more people

Private healthcare provision - more users more services

Changes in patient demographics - life expectancy, increase in complex care needs and increase in obesity rates.

Question 25

Why do we need to adhere to national, organisational and departmental policies?

Answer 25

To protect professionals and patients

Question 26

What is a departmental policy?

Answer 26

Departmental policy is specific about tasks and work in the department

Question 27

State the reasons for the importance of adhering to policies

Answer 27

provides standardised care for all patients Ensures patient safety Prevent errors Provides consistency Promotes health and wellbeing Ensures safety and wellbeing for practitioners

Question 28

Give the possible consequences of not following policies

Answer 28

Health and safety risks Harm to self and others Termination of employment Negative medical coverage Implications for grading and inspection Deregistration Potential prosecution

Question 29

How is the public sector funded?

Answer 29

Paid from taxes National insurance and government

Question 30

How is the private sector funded?

Answer 30

By private individuals Premiums One-off payments Government policy

Question 31

How is the voluntary/charity sector funded?

Answer 31

Donations Fundraising Grant funding Gov policy

Question 32

What is evidence-based practice?

Answer 32

Evidence based practice is making decisions and providing best standard of care by using all available facts, knowledge, data and statistics.

Question 33

State how evidence based practice can be applied

Answer 33

Combines research findings with clinical expertise Assess all findings from research and validity Draws conclusions and applies findings Reviews impact of improvement and innovation