A2.2 Cell Structure

Question 1

What is cell theory

Answer 1

-All things are made of cells (multicellular and unicellular)
-cells are the basic unit of life
-Cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 2

How do you calculate the magnification of the microscope

Answer 2

Eyepiece x objective lens = magnification

Question 3

What does the magnification triangle look like?

Answer 3

Image (mm)
Actual size (micrometre) / Magnification

Question 4

How do you get from nm to μm

Answer 4

divide by 1000

Question 4

how do you get from μm to mm

Answer 4

divide by 1000

Question 5

how do you get from μm to nm

Answer 5

multiply by 1000

Question 6

how do you get from mm to m

Answer 6

divide by 1000

Question 7

How do you get from cm to mm

Answer 7

multiply by 10

Question 8

which microscope has a higher resolution

Answer 8

Electron microscope

Question 9

What are light microscopes suitable for

Answer 9

Looking at studying tissues, living cells

Question 10

What are some pros of using a light microscope?

Answer 10

it has colour and doesn’t damage the specimen

Question 11

What can electron microscopes be used for

Answer 11

small objects, small cellular structures, disease-causing particles, and viruses

Question 12

What are some pros of using an electron microscope?

Answer 12

you can see non-living or dead specimen
only black and white

Question 13

What is the cytoplasm

Answer 13

A water-based solution/suspension where metabolic reactions occur

Question 14

What is the plasma membrane

Answer 14

Semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer on the outside of the cell

Question 15

What is DNA

Answer 15

Genetic material includes genes that code for proteins

Question 16

What are the qualities of a prokaryote cell structure

Answer 16

-lack a nucleus
-has a cell wall
-non-compartmentalized (lack membrane-bound organelles)
-70s ribosomes
-naked DNA (no histones)

Question 17

Which cell is smaller, and evovled first

Answer 17

Prokaryote

Question 18

What are the qualities of a eukaryote cell

Answer 18

-some has a cell wall
-nucleus (double membrane with pores that linear chromosome that are associated with proteins)
-80s Ribosomes
-Mitochondria (needed for ATP and energy)

Question 19

What is the processes of life in unicellular organisms

Answer 19

MRSHENG (metabolism, reproduction, sensitivity, homeostasis, excretion, nutrition, growth)

Question 20

What does the M in MRSHENG mean

Answer 20

Metabolism - All the enzyme catalysed reactions

Question 21

What does the R in MRSHENG mean

Answer 21

Reproduction - production of offspring

Question 22

What does the S in MRSHENg mean

Answer 22

Sensitivity - React to stimuli in the environment with various responses

Question 23

What does the H in MRSHENG mean

Answer 23

Homostatis - maintaining a stable internal environment

Question 24

What does the E in MRSHENG mean

Answer 24

Excretion - removal of waste

Question 25

What does the N in MRSHENG mean

Answer 25

Nutrition - Getting the nutrients required for growth/maintenance

Question 26

What does the G in MRSHENG mean

Answer 26

Growth - increase in size or number of cells

Question 27

Out of Animal, Fungi and Plant cells which have plastids/chloroplasts

Answer 27

plants

Question 28

Out of Animal, Fungi and Plant cells which have cell walls

Answer 28

plants and fungi

Question 29

Out of Animal, Fungi and Plant cells which have vacuoles

Answer 29

animals (small or absent), fungi, plant

Question 30

Out of Animal, Fungi and Plant cells which have centrioles

Answer 30

animals

Question 31

Out of Animal, Fungi and Plant cells which have undulipodia (cilia, and flagella)

Answer 31

animals

Question 32

what is an atypical cell structure in eukaryotes

Answer 32

Red blood cells - The cells lack a nucleus, allowing them more space for hemoglobin which carries oxygen

Question 33

roughly how big are prokaryotic cells

Answer 33

0.1 -50 μm

Question 34

roughly how big are eukaryotic cells

Answer 34

10-100 μm