A3 - Emotional development across the life stages

Question 1

What is emotional literacy?

Answer 1

The ability to recognise, understand and appropriately express emotions. This is essential for forming positive relationships

Question 2

What is empathy?

Answer 2

Ability to identify or understands another point of view and situation or feeling

Question 3

What is attachment?

Answer 3

A strong emotional bond between a child and a caregiver

Question 4

What is privation?

Answer 4

Being deprived of the opportunity to form attachment such as in neglect or abuse situations

Question 5

What is separation anxiety?

Answer 5

The fear and apprehension that infants experience when separated from their main carer

Question 6

What is self image?

Answer 6

The way an individual sees themselves, their mental image of themselves

Question 7

What is self-concept?

Answer 7

An idea of the self-constructed from the belief someone holds about themselves and the responses of others, not necessarily reality

Question 8

What is self-esteem?

Answer 8

How a person feels about themselves, self worth, self concept, self image and pride

Question 9

What is emotional development?

Answer 9

The way an individual begins to feel about and value themselves and other people

Question 10

What is the key feature of emotional development in infancy?

Answer 10

Attachment

Question 11

What is the key feature of emotional development in early childhood?

Answer 11

Understanding self and others

Question 12

What is the key feature of emotional development in adolescence?

Answer 12

Identity

Question 13

What is the key feature of emotional development in early and middle adulthood?

Answer 13

Intimacy

Question 14

What is the key feature of emotional development in later adulthood?

Answer 14

Making sense of your life

Question 15

What does a secure attachment to a main caregiver mean?

Answer 15

• That a child will feel secure, loved and have a sense of belonging.
• Caregivers are the secure based from which children explore the world around them

Question 16

What does Bowlby refer to attachment as?

Answer 16

A deep and enduring emotional bond that connects a child to their primary caregiver

Question 17

When did Bowlby’s theory originate?

Answer 17

During the 1930s

Question 18

What did Bowlby believe?

Answer 18

That children were biologically pre-programmed to form attachments and that infancy is a critical period for forming attachments

Question 19

What did Bowlby observe?

Answer 19

Children experienced separation anxiety when separated from their mothers and would not disappear even when being cared for by another carer

Question 20

What do infants have a universal need for according to Bowlby?

Answer 20

A universal need to seek close proximity with their caregiver when under stress or feeling threatened.

Question 21

What are the criticisms of Bowlby’s theory?

Answer 21

• Maternal deprivation itself may not result in long-term problems and suggests probation is more damaging
• Some people agree that attachment is a learned behaviour influenced by the environment, culture and the baby’s temperament
• Schaffer and Emersons research suggests babies are most likely to form attachments with caregivers who respond the most effectively to their signals

Question 22

Who identified a sequence in the development of attachment?

Answer 22

Schaffer and Emerson

Question 23

What are the 4 stages of Schaffer and Emersons theory?

Answer 23

• Asocial
• Indiscriminate
• Discriminate
• Multiple

Question 24

What is the asocial stage of attachments?

Answer 24

• Respond indiscriminately to any caregiver

Question 25

What is the Indiscriminate stage of attachment?

Question 26

What is the discriminate stage of attachment?

Answer 26

- separation anxiety from pcg - only like to receive care from pcg

Question 27

What is the multiple attachment stage?

Question 28

Why may attachment not go smoothly?

Answer 28

- Post-natal depression - Seperation due to illness, divorce etc - Foster care/adoption - Emotional unavailability due to substance missuse - Disability

Question 29

What is development of self esteem between 0-18 months?

Answer 29

- Babies start to build self esteem by having basic needs met - Become gradually aware that they are loved as their PCG provides comfort, care, support etc - This shows they are safe and secure

Question 30

What is the development of self esteem between 18 months and 2 years?

Answer 30

- Not yet developed a clear understanding of self esteem - When they learn a new skill they realise what they can achieve - Begin to learn about themselves and what they can do and where they belong - If infants shown love by PCG then impacts self esteem - Infants not shown love find it more difficult to develop a sense of self worth

Question 31

What happens with self esteem around age 4?

Answer 31

Positive self esteem is reinforced by what the child can do successfully.

Question 32

How can parents and caregivers foster a Childs self esteem?

Answer 32

- Teaching problem solving skills - Include children in tasks that provide a sense of accomplishment - Asking children for opinions - Encouraging them to accept failure

Question 33

How do children with low self esteem act?

Answer 33

- Passive - Withdrawn - Depressed - Difficulty dealing with problems - Self critical

Question 34

When can self esteem become fragile?

Answer 34

During puberty

Question 35

What do many teenagers become overly concerned about

Answer 35

Their physical appearance and how they are viewed and accepted by their peers

Question 36

How is self image determined in early childhood?

Answer 36

The quality of social interaction and the influence of parents and caregivers

Question 37

What does a persons self image not necessarily reflect?

Answer 37

Reality

Question 38

Why is self-image important?

Answer 38

It explains how an individual thinks about themselves and how they interact