C1: The physical changes in ageing

Question 1

As a person ages, what heart condition are they more likely to get?

Answer 1

Cardiovascular disease

Question 2

What is the main purpose of the heart?

Answer 2

Pump blood around the body

Question 3

What narrows the arteries?

Answer 3

Fats such as cholesterol building up

Question 4

What is the name for the ‘clogging up’ of arteries?

Answer 4

Atherosclerosis

Question 5

What may cause angina?

Answer 5

If the coronary artery is partially blocked

Question 6

What are the risks of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 6

• Family history
• Ethnic background
• Poorly controlled diabetes
• Prolonged rise in blood pressure
• Being overweight
• Smoking
• Lack of exercise

Question 7

What do an individual senses depend on?

Answer 7

The nervous system

Question 8

What do the nervous system include?

Answer 8

• Nerves
• Spinal cord
• Brain

Question 9

What does nervous tissue allow?

Answer 9

An individual to receive stimuli and process information

Question 10

What part of brain function is affected first in ageing?

Answer 10

Short-term memory and ability to learn new material

Question 11

When does the ability to use words and vocabulary begin to decline?

Answer 11

After 70

Question 12

When does cognitive and intellectual ability begin to decline?

Answer 12

Around age 80 if no neurological disorders are present

Question 13

What can speed up age related brain function decline?

Answer 13

• High blood pressures
• Diabetes
• High cholesterol

Question 14

What in the brain decreases with the ageing process?

Answer 14

Blood flow

Question 15

What process in the brain becomes slower?

Answer 15

The self-repairing procession cells

Question 16

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 16

• A degenerative disease
• As a result of wear and tear of the joints and the ageing process

Question 17

What does osteoarthritis cause?

Answer 17

• The joints become painful and stiff

Question 18

Who are more likely to get osteoarthritis?

Answer 18

• Women are more likely than men
• generally appears in late 40s and 75

Question 19

What is cartilage?

Answer 19

A protective cushion between the ends of the bones

Question 20

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 20

When the bones become less dense making them fragile and liable to fracture

Question 21

What are cataracts a result off?

Answer 21

A change in the lens of the eye

Question 22

When may cataracts start forming?

Answer 22

Between ages 50 and 60

Question 23

What does diabetes greatly increase?

Answer 23

Developing cataracts

Question 24

What is glaucoma?

Answer 24

Increase of fluid pressure within the eye

Question 25

How does glaucoma effect a person?

Answer 25

- Affect eyesight in later life - Hazy or blurry vision - Eye pain - Sudden loss of vision

Question 26

What can block sound transmission to the sensory nerves?

Answer 26

Increase in wax

Question 27

Why does difficulty hearing high frequency sound increase with age?

Answer 27

The sensitivity of nerve cells in the inner ear decreases

Question 28

What happens to energy as a person gets older?

Answer 28

Reduces

Question 29

What may a older person need more off in their diet?

Answer 29

- More protein-rich food in their diet such as eggs, dairy foods and lean meat

Question 30

What minerals and vitamins are found in dairy, meat, eggs and fish?

Answer 30

- Zinc - Calcium - Magnesium - Sodium

Question 31

What is vitamin D important for?

Answer 31

Good health and absorbing calcium from food

Question 32

How is vitamin D obtained?

Answer 32

- Largely obtained from sunlight

Question 33

What can vitamin D deficiency cause?

Answer 33

Disorders such as osteoporosis and bone fractures

Question 34

What may older people lack?

Answer 34

- Vitamin D - Vitamin C - Iron - Fibre

Question 35

What is vitamin C essential for?

Answer 35

Wound healing and forming and maintaining healthy tissues

Question 36

What is dementia?

Answer 36

A brain disorder which affects a persons ability to carry out daily tasks and activities

Question 37

What may someone with dementia have difficulty doing?

Answer 37

- Understanding what's going on - Communicating - Reasoning - Finding their way - Remembering recent events

Question 38

What are the two major types of dementia?

Answer 38

- Alzheimer's disease - Vascular dementia

Question 39

What is Alzheimers disease?

Answer 39

- Onset is usually slow involving parts of the brain controlling thought, memory and language - Trouble with STM - Symptoms gradually worsen, may lose the ability to do everyday tasks

Question 40

When does Alzheimers disease usually begin?

Answer 40

After 60, there is a higher risk if their is family history

Question 41

What can depression cause?

Answer 41

- Lack of energy - Low motivation - Interrupted sleep pattern - Changes to appetite - Headaches