A3.1

Question 1

Variation

Answer 1

Differences in any aspect of an organism

Question 2

Morphological concept

Answer 2

Classification of organisms based on shared physical outer and inner characteristics

Question 3

Binomial nomenclature system

Answer 3

naming system for living organisms, genus followed by species

Question 4

biological species method

Answer 4

in case of sexual dimorphism, which is when females and males look different

Based on ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

If two members of two different species her breed offspring produced will be infertile

Question 5

chromosomes

Answer 5

Long molecule of DNA containing part of the genetic material of an organism

Humans have 46 chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes

Question 6

speciation

Answer 6

Formation of a new species when a pre-existing one splits into two or more

Question 7

karyotyping

Answer 7

Analysing number size and shape of chromosomes

Question 8

Karyogram

Answer 8

Image created by sorting aligning of chromosomes into homologous pairs in decreasing length

Paired based on size banning pattern on location of centromere

Question 9

Single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs

Answer 9

replacement of a single nucleotide with another producing variation

Positions in a gene where alternative bases may be present

Question 10

Genome

Answer 10

All the genetic information of an organism

Difference between species due to size and base sequences

Question 11

genome sequencing

Answer 11

determining entire base sequence of an organism DNA

Slow and costly process, but it’s getting better

Provide data on genetic diseases which could help with personalise medicine