A3.1 Diversity of organisms

Question 1

A3.1.1 The patterns of variation are _____ and are the basis for _____ and _____ organisms

Answer 1

Complex, naming, classifying

Question 1

A3.1.1 No two individuals are _____ in all their traits

Answer 1

Identical

Question 2

A3.1.2 Defining species as groups of organisms with shared traits is the original _____ concept of the species as used by _____

Answer 2

Morphological, Linnaeus

Question 3

A3.1.3 First part of the binomial name identifies the _____ and the second part distinguishes the _____

Answer 3

Genus, species

Question 4

A3.1.3 Species in the same _____ have similar traits

Answer 4

Genus

Question 5

A3.1.3 The genus name is given an initial _____ letter, but the species name is _____

Answer 5

Capital, lowercase

Question 6

A3.1.4 According to the biological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that can _____ and produce _____

Answer 6

Breed, fertile offsprings

Question 7

A3.1.4 Possible challenges associated with the definition of species according to the biological species concept

Question 8

A3.1.4 Competing definitions of species

Question 9

A3.1.5 _____ is the splitting of one species into two or more

Answer 9

Speciation

Question 10

A3.1.5 Speciation usually happens _____, rather than by a single act, with two populations becoming more and more _____ in their traits

Answer 10

Gradually, different

Question 11

A3.1.5 It can be an _____ decision whether two populations are regarded as the same or different species

Answer 11

Arbitrary

Question 12

A3.1.6 Diversity in chromosome numbers, using humans and chimpanzees as an example

Answer 12

Humans have 46 chromosomes and chimpanzees have 48 chromosomes

Question 13

A3.1.6 Diploid cells have an _____ number of chromosomes

Answer 13

Even

Question 14

A3.1.7 AOS: Classify chromosomes by banding patterns, length, and centromere position

Question 15

A3.1.7 AOS: Evaluate the evidence for the hypothesis that chromosome 2 in humans arose from the fusion of chromosomes 12 and 13 with a shared primate ancestor

Question 16

A3.1.7 NOS: Distinguish between testable hypotheses (e.g. origin of chromosome 2) and non-testable statements

Question 17

A3.1.8 The genome is all the genetic information of an organism

Question 18

A3.1.8 Organisms in the same species share most of their genome, but variations such as _____ give some diversity

Answer 18

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms

Question 19

A3.1.9 Genomes vary in _____, which is determined by the total amount of DNA

Answer 19

Overall size

Question 20

A3.1.9 Genomes vary in _____

Answer 20

Base sequence

Question 21

A3.1.9 Genome variation _____ species is much larger than variation _____ a species

Answer 21

Between, within

Question 22

A3.1.10 AOS: Extract information about genome size for different taxonomic groups from a database to compare genome size to organism complexity

Question 23

A3.1.11 Advancements in whole genome sequencing

Answer 23

Increasing speed and decreasing costs

Question 24

A3.1.11 Current uses of whole genome sequencing

Answer 24

Research into evolutionary relationships

Question 25

A3.1.11 Potential uses of whole genome sequencing

Answer 25

Personalized medicine

Question 26

A3.1.12 The biological species concept does not work well with groups of organisms that do not breed _____ or where genes can be _____ from one species to another

Answer 26

Sexually, transferred

Question 27

A3.1.13 _____ between closely related species is unlikely to produce fertile offspring if parent _____ are different

Answer 27

Cross-breeding, chromosome numbers

Question 28

A3.1.14 AOS: Engage with local plant or animal species to develop a dichotomous key

Question 29

A3.1.15 Using _____ and _____ allows the biodiversity of habitats to be investigated rapidly

Answer 29

Barcodes, environmental DNA

Question 30

A3.1 Guiding Q: What is a species?

Question 31

A3.1 Guiding Q: What patterns are seen in the diversity of genomes within and between species?

Question 32

A3.1 Linking Q: What might cause a species to persist or go extinct?

Question 33

A3.1 Linking Q: How do species exemplify both continuous and discontinuous patterns of variation?