A4/5 - Clinical Anatomy of Respiration

Question 1

What is the thin lining that surrounds the lung?

Answer 1

pleural cavity

Question 2

What is the pleura that touches the heart an d the one that touches the wall?

Answer 2

heart - visceral

wall - parietal

Question 3

What do the pleuaral cavities allow?

Answer 3

lungs to move freely without damage and act as a vacuum

Question 4

What are the 4 different types of pleura?

Answer 4

costal - touches the ribs
diraphramatic - touches the diaphragm
mediastinal - touches the mediastinum
cervical - touches the neck

Question 5

What the the extension of the pleaural cavity in which excess fluid builds?

Answer 5

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 6

What lung contains three lobes - superior, middle and inferior?

Answer 6

right lung

Question 7

what separates the inferior and superioe lobes?

Answer 7

oblique fissure

Question 8

What does the horizontal fissure separate?

Answer 8

the middle lobe from the superior and inferior lobes on the right lung

Question 9

What is the tongue like projection of the left lung?

Answer 9

lingula

Question 10

Where is the lingula located?

Answer 10

superior lobe of left lung

Question 11

What is the root of the lung and what does it contain?

Answer 11

hilum

• main bronchus
• pulmonary arteries
• 2 pulmonary veins

Question 12

What surface marking does the right lung have?

Answer 12

• superior vena cava

- azygous vein

Question 13

What is the layout of the hilum of the right lung?

Answer 13

bronchi
artery
vein
(from medial - lateral)

Question 14

What are the surface markings on the left lung?

Answer 14

arch of aorta

hearts

Question 15

What is the layout of the hilum of the left lung?

Answer 15

Artery
bronchus
vein
(from superior to inferior)

Question 16

What is phrenic nerve a combination of?

Answer 16

anterior rami of C3.4,5

Question 17

Where is the phrenic nerve located?

Answer 17

anterior surface fo scalenus anterior and descends over the lateral aspects of the heart

Question 18

What does the phrenic nerve supply ?

Answer 18

diaphragm

Question 19

What are the accessory muscles of inspiration?

Answer 19

pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
sternocleidomastoid
scalenes

Question 20

What are the accessory muscles of expiration?

Answer 20

rectus abdominus

diaphragm

Question 21

How many cervical vertebrae is there?

Answer 21

7

Question 22

How many thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 22

12

Question 23

How many lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 23

5

Question 24

how many sacral vertebrae?

Answer 24

• in feotus there is 5 but fused to give one sacrum

Question 25

how man coccygeal vertebrae?

Answer 25

- 5 but fused to form one coccyx

Question 26

How many vertebrae is there in total?

Answer 26

33

Question 27

What is the difference between primary curvature and a secondary curvature?

Answer 27

primary - anterior concavity | secondary - anterioc convexity

Question 28

What regions of the spine contain a primary or secondary curvature?

Answer 28

primary - thoracic , sacral | secondary - lumbar

Question 29

What are typical ribs?

Answer 29

exhibit the same anatomical features - 3- 9

Question 30

What ribs are atypical

Answer 30

1 2, 10-12

Question 31

Where is the neurovascular bundle located on typical ribs?

Answer 31

costal groove

Question 32

What joins the rib to the vertebrae?

Answer 32

costavertebral joints - the head of ribs joins to superior vertebra and the tubercle articulates with the transverse process

Question 33

What joints allow movement?

Answer 33

synovial joints - between supeopr articular process and inferior articular process of 2 ribs

Question 34

What sits between two vertebrae and allows movement?

Answer 34

intervertebral discs

Question 35

What is the joint between the sternum and the costal cartilage =?

Answer 35

sternocostal joints

Question 36

What do costochrondral joints articulate?

Answer 36

costal cartilage and ribs

Question 37

What is the lower edge of the chest at the bottom edge of ribs?

Answer 37

costal margin

Question 38

What articulates the sternum and the clavicle?

Answer 38

sternoclavicular joint

Question 39

Where is the sternal angle located?

Answer 39

rib 2

Question 40

What is the superior body of the sternum called?

Answer 40

manubrium

Question 41

What is the inferior process of the sternum called?

Answer 41

xiphoid process

Question 42

what muscles are deep to the chest wall?

Answer 42

intercostal muscles | pectoralis minor

Question 43

What groove separated the deltoid and pectoralis major?

Answer 43

delto-pectoral groove?

Question 44

What vessel is found in the delto-pectoral groove?

Answer 44

cephalic vein

Question 45

What muscle anchors the scapula to the ribs?

Answer 45

serratus anterior

Question 46

Which nerve supplies serratus anterior?

Answer 46

long thoracic

Question 47

What is the axillary tail?

Answer 47

lymphatic drainage which links to the axilla

Question 48

What are the three intercostal muscles?

Answer 48

external internal innermost

Question 49

How many intercostal spaces is there?

Answer 49

11

Question 50

What is carried in an intercostal space?

Answer 50

neurovascular bundle - vein - artery nerve

Question 51

What is the most lateral - artery or vein?

Answer 51

subclavian artery

Question 52

What attaches to the scalene tuberacle on RIb ?

Answer 52

sclenus anterior

Question 53

What lies more medial - vein or artery?

Answer 53

vein

Question 54

Describe the anatomical position

Answer 54

``` standing facing forwards face and eyes looking anteriorly upper limbs by side palms of hands facing anteriorly feet together toes pointing anteriorly ```