AA/Protein Structure/Basics

Question 1

What are the three main components of an amino acid?

Answer 1

Amino Group(NH3+), Carboxyl group(COO-), and a R group

Question 2

Which amino acid is not optically active?

Answer 2

Glycine

Question 3

Which form(L or D) is found in eukaryotic proteins?

Answer 3

L form

Question 4

What are the three structural classifications of proteins?

Answer 4

Globular, Fibrous, Transmembrane

Question 5

Define globular structure

Answer 5

Compact proteins stabilized by hydrophobic interactions(Mb, Hb)

Question 6

Define fibrous structure

Answer 6

Geometrically linear and have repeating unit structure(collagen, elastin)

Question 7

Define transmembrane structure

Answer 7

Regions of protein span the lipid bilayer(Adenyl cyclase)

Question 8

Bond hybridization results in peptide bonds being ___ and almost always ____

Answer 8

Planar; trans

Question 9

HbC disease definition

Answer 9

Hemoglobin C disease(mild version of Sickle cell anemia), where the mutation goes from Glutamate to Lysine

Question 10

What are ionic interactions?

Answer 10

Electrostatic interactions between charged species

Question 11

What are dipole interactions?

Answer 11

Electrostatic interactions between uncharged, but polar molecules

Question 12

What are Van der waals interactions?

Answer 12

Weak interactions between all atoms

Question 13

What is the hydrophobic effect?

Answer 13

Complex phenomenon associated with the ordering of water molecules around nonpolar substances

Question 14

Which common liquid has the highest heat of vaporization?

Answer 14

Water

Question 15

T/F: If Carbonyl is located at C1, it is an ketose

Answer 15

False, it would be an aldehyde

Question 16

What is the simplest carb?

Answer 16

Aldotriose(Glyceraldehyde)

Question 17

What are epimers?

Answer 17

Monosaccharides that differ around one specific Carbon atom

Question 18

Two examples of epimers

Answer 18

C-2: Glucose and Mannose
C-4: Glucose and Galactose

Question 19

What are stereoisomers?

Answer 19

Differ in spatial arrangement, not connectivity

Question 20

Difference between enantiomers and diastereomers

Answer 20

Enantiomers have identical physical and chemical properties, diastereomers differ in BOTH.

Question 21

What classification of stereoisomers would you give D and L glucose?

Answer 21

Enantiomers

Question 22

What is the sterocenter that caused the massive defect in usage of Thalidomide?

Answer 22

The Carbon that connects with the nitrogen from the 5-member ring

Question 23

Which form of thalidomide was lethal?

Answer 23

R-thalidomide, which was a teratogen that caused birth defects

Question 24

How are glycosidic bonds formed?

Answer 24

Reaction of the first carbon from cyclic compound with the OH group of a second monosaccharide

Question 25

What is an example of an amino sugar?

Answer 25

Glucosamine–substitutes a hydroxyl group for an amino group

Question 26

What are the five classifications of lipids?

Answer 26

Energy-storage, Membrane, Emulsification, Messenger, Protective coating