AALAS & CITI Questions Flashcards
CFA is…
Complete Freund’s (oil, water & killed tuberculosis) - can only be used once
IFA is…
Incomplete Freund’s (oil and water) - can be used multiple times
USDA pain code for CFA is…
D - more than momentary pain
Recommended injection route for antibody production is…
subcutaneous
Polyclonal antibody production is taken from…
Blood serum
Monoclonal antibody production is taken from…
Speen and lymph nodes
What component of CFA is missing from IFA?
Killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Why is CFA a health hazard to humans?
t can cause severe inflammation upon repeat exposure.
A simple rule to prevent excess blood collection in an animal is to collect no more than what percentage of body weight as blood at one time?
1%
Which of the statements concerning blood collection in mice and rats is true?
A) Retroorbital bleeding should be performed on conscious animals to maintain adequate blood pressure.
B) Retroorbital bleeding should be performed on conscious animals to maintain adequate blood pressure.
C) Less painful alternatives to retroorbital blood collection include lateral saphenous, facial (submandibular) and jugular vein blood collection.
D) No more than about 10% of the body weight should be removed as blood at one time.
C) Less painful alternatives to retroorbital blood collection include lateral saphenous, facial (submandibular) and jugular vein blood collection.
o comply with both the Animal Welfare Regulations and PHS Policy, the IACUC must do which of the following after the initial review and approval of a protocol?
Perform an annual review prior to the first and second approval anniversaries, and perform a triennial review prior to the third anniversary.
n order to conduct official business throughout a convened meeting, a quorum of voting members must:
always be present.
When conducting the facilities inspection portion of the semi-annual evaluation in compliance with both the Animal Welfare Regulations and PHS Policy, the IACUC must include all areas housing animals for more than:
12 hours, and all investigator laboratory and study areas where surgery is performed.
Which group monitors the conditions of procedure rooms? A) IACUC B) USDA C) AAALAC D) All of the above
D) All of the above
How much extra caging can be stored in the procedure room at one time?
Enough for short term use (less than 2 days)
True or False: The euthanasia method to be used in the course of a research study does not need to be included in the animal use protocol if it is an acceptable method for the species used.
False
True or False: The IACUC may allow deviations from the AVMA guidelines if necessary for sound scientific reasons.
True
Which of the following factors should not be a consideration when choosing a method of euthanasia?
A. Preference of the personnel
B. Experimental variables of the specific study
C. Number of animals to be euthanized
D. Animal species and age
A. Preference of the personnel
T or F: Any technique that appears unpleasant to the personnel should be avoided.
False
T or F: Injectable euthanasia agents tend to act more quickly on sedated or anesthetized animals.
False
Euthanasia agents have three modes of action in inducing death. Which of the following is not a mode of action of euthanasia agents?
A. Depression of nerve cell activity necessary for life functions
B. Hypoxia
C. Physical disruption of brain activity
D. Paralysis of the muscle used in respiration
D. Paralysis of the muscle used in respiration
T or F: Unacceptable methods of euthanasia can only be used in very specific situations and the procedure must be done by a veterinarian.
False
Information on species-specific acceptable euthanasia methods can be found in which publication?
A. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
B. PHS Policy
C. Animal Welfare Act Regulations
D. AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia
D. AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia
T or F: Dry ice is an acceptable form of carbon dioxide for euthanizing rodents.
False
T or F: Inhalant euthanasia agents can be used for fish.
True
Which of the following gases has the potential for human abuse? A. Nitrous oxide B. Argon C. Ether D. Carbon dioxide
A. Nitrous oxide
Which of the following inhalant agents is flammable and explosive? A. Carbon dioxide B. Halothane C. Isoflurane D. Ether
D. Ether
A method that cannot be used as the sole method of euthanasia but is acceptable when used in conjunction with another method to ensure a humane death is called\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Additional B. Associative C. Secondary D. Adjunctive
D. Adjunctive
T or F: Carbon monoxide induces loss of consciousness with minimal signs of pain and distress in animals such as dogs and cats.
True
T or F: Terminal gasp is when cardiac arrest causes hypoxia, therefore stimulating the respiratory centers to hyperventilate. It happens during a stage of anesthesia where animals are unconscious and unaware (it is an unconscious reflex).
True
What is the most common injectable euthanasia agent used for injection? A. Secobarbital B. Pentobarbital C. Tricaine methanesulfonate D. Cyanide
B. Pentobarbital
T or F: Prolonged exposure to MS-222 can be harmful to humans.
True
Which of the following statements apply to MS-222?
A. Its effect is diminished in salt water
B. When dissolved in fresh water it is irritating to tissue
C. It is insoluble in water at neutral pH
D. All of the above
B. When dissolved in fresh water it is irritating to tissue
When used alone, which of the following agents are unacceptable for use in euthanasia? A. Potassium chloride B. Formalin C. Neuromuscular blocking agents D. All of the above
D. All of the above
T or F: Embutramide combinations are an acceptable euthanasia agent when injected by intravenous injection.
True
In the U. S., barbiturates are controlled by which federal agency? A. OSHA B. FDA C. DEA D. EPA
C. DEA
Which of the following is true regarding the use of carbon dioxide as euthanasia agent? A. It is expensive. B. It has a slow onset. C. It is readily available. D. All of the above
It is readily available.
Which of the following statements regarding physical methods of euthanasia is true?
A. Physical methods of euthanasia may be the most humane method for relieving pain and suffering in some instances.
B. Exsanguination, stunning, and pithing are acceptable physical methods of euthanasia for horses and cattle.
C. Physical methods of euthanasia always cause more distress for the animal.
D. There are few aesthetic considerations for this form of euthanasia.
Physical methods of euthanasia may be the most humane method for relieving pain and suffering in some instances.
Euthanasia agents that act by way of hypoxia are not recommended for which of the following groups of animals? A. Warm-blooded neonates B. Animals with respiratory problems C. Ruminants D. Older animals of most species
A. Warm-blooded neonates
Which of the following agents is not used as a sole euthanasia agent in rodents? Isoflurane Nitrous oxide Carbon dioxide Sevoflurane
Nitrous oxide
OLAW requires the use of an adjunctive method to ensure death for both neonate and adult mice when \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is used as the euthanasia method. potassium chloride injection carbon dioxide a barbiturate carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide
Which of the following statements concerning euthanasia is incorrect?
When used alone, non-physical methods of euthanasia are usually preferred over physical methods.
Physical methods of euthanasia are most desirable when used on anesthetized animals.
Physical methods of euthanasia are most desirable when used on conscious animals.
The investigator must provide a scientific justification to the IACUC if a physical method will be used alone.
Physical methods of euthanasia are most desirable when used on conscious animals.
Read this question carefully!!
f using an anesthesia machine for euthanizing animals, which of the following is not a recommended process?
The correct vaporizer should be used.
The vaporizer should be calibrated correctly.
The animal should be exposed directly to the liquid agent.
An appropriate scavenging system should be in place.
The animal should be exposed directly to the liquid agent.
Under what circumstance is the IV or IC injection of potassium chloride an acceptable euthanasia method?
If the animal is anesthetized
When other methods have failed
If a catheter is used
When used in combination with a barbiturate
If the animal is anesthetized
Which of the following statements is true about the use of carbon monoxide for euthanasia?
Acceptable for individual or mass euthanasia of cattle, horses, and other large mammals.
This agent is safe to use by human operators.
Death occurs rapidly at concentrations of 4 to 6%.
It is extremely stressful to the animal.
Death occurs rapidly at concentrations of 4 to 6%.
What best describes acceptable euthanasia methods?
They are the most convenient method when large numbers of animals must be euthanized.
They have no effects on the personnel doing the procedure.
They consistently produce a humane death.
They cause immediate cessation of life.
They consistently produce a humane death.
Who is responsible for ensuring that the methods of euthanasia planned in studies using laboratory animals are consistent with the AVMA guidelines?
IACUC
Animal facility manager
Study director
The technician responsible for doing the procedure
IACUC
For which species is an adjunctive method of euthanasia is recommended to make sure that the animal is dead because detection of heartbeat is difficult in these animals? Amphibians Small rodents Fish Nonhuman primates
Small rodents
Which of the following statements is true of barbiturates?
These drugs are extremely painful when administered outside the vein.
Barbiturates cause the animal to gasp for air before becoming unconscious indicating some pain and distress.
Barbiturates break down quickly in the body so that carcasses of animals in which barbiturates were used for anesthesia do not represent a threat to predators which may eat them.
Pentobarbital is a barbiturate that is not classified as a controlled substance.
These drugs are extremely painful when administered outside the vein.
Physical methods of euthanasia cause death through destruction of:
chemical pathways in the heart muscle.
muscular activity in the body.
midbrain centers controlling respiratory and cardiac activity.
afferent pathways from the periphery to the brain.
midbrain centers controlling respiratory and cardiac activity.
What is the mode of euthanasia action for an overdose of barbiturates?
Causes hypoxia and brain activity ceases
Overstimulates the CNS causing cardiac arryhthmia
Paralyzes lungs and breathing ceases
Depresses the CNS leading to cardiac arrest
Depresses the CNS leading to cardiac arrest
Which of the following statements is true about routes of administration for injectable agents?
IP administration is optimal for irritating euthanasia agents.
IC injection is acceptable when the animal is either heavily sedated, anesthetized, or comatose.
When performing an IP injection, the drug must also contain a neuromuscular blocking agent.
IV adminstration produces the slowest loss of consciousness.
IC injection is acceptable when the animal is either heavily sedated, anesthetized, or comatose.
Which of the following statements is true when using CO2 for euthanasia?
Pulmonary lesions may occur if the carbon dioxide concentration reaches 40%.
It is best to combine carbon dioxide with oxygen for euthanasia.
The optimal flow rate is one that displaces 10% of the chamber volume every minute.
Gas flow should be maintained for at least 1 minute after apparent death to make sure the animal does not recover.
Gas flow should be maintained for at least 1 minute after apparent death to make sure the animal does not recover.
Which of these injectable agents is acceptable as the sole agent for euthanasia? Potassium chloride Sodium pentobarbital Magnesium sulfate Chloral hydrate
Sodium pentobarbital
In special circumstances that may indicate a need to deviate from the AVMA guidelines, what should be the deciding factor? Expediency of the method The decision of the IO The cost of the procedure The best interest of the animal
The best interest of the animal
Why is proper training in euthanasia techniques so important?
Improper technique can cause unnecessary pain and distress in animals.
Euthanasia solutions are expensive and would be wasted if used improperly.
Experiments can be performed more quickly if proper technique is used.
Training in euthanasia techniques can result in rapid job promotions.
Improper technique can cause unnecessary pain and distress in animals.
Confirmation of death is determined by: Duration of euthanasia procedure Use of an adjunctive euthanasia method Lack of movement Cessation of vital signs
Cessation of vital signs
T or F: Immersing aquatic species in a bath saturated with carbon dioxide is an acceptable euthanasia method.
True
Cervical dislocation should not be performed in rabbits weighing more than: 500 g. 2 kg. 1 kg. 800 g.
1 kg
Chloral hydrate is conditionally acceptable for use in large animals that:
will have an adjunctive method of euthanasia following the injection of chloral hydrate.
are already sedated.
cannot be easily restrained.
None of the above
are already sedated.
What is the recommended concentration of carbon monoxide used for euthanasia of small mammals? 4-6% 2-3% 8-10% Over 10%
4-6%
Which of the following is not an appropriate method of confirming death prior to disposing of the animal's body? Loss of eye blink reflex Apnea Loss of heartbeat Lack of movement
Lack of movement
Which of the following is a definition of euthanasia as described in the AVMA Guidelines?
The act of preparing animals for a surgical or otherwise invasive procedure
The act of killing animals by methods that induce rapid unconsciousness and death with minimal pain or distress
The act of reducing the emotional state of animals under distress
The act of killing animals by methods that preserve physiologic function after death
The act of killing animals by methods that induce rapid unconsciousness and death with minimal pain or distress
A reflex movement during the euthanasia procedure indicates that the unconscious animal is still experiencing pain.
False
Which agency of the USDA carries out the regulatory functions designated by the Animal Welfare Regulations? AVMA AC NIH APHIS
APHIS
Which statement is TRUE regarding health requirements for shipping animals:
Health certificates specify the health care needs of an animal while in transit.
Health certificates must accompany any dog, cat or nonhuman primate transported by a research facility.
Health certificates must be dated within two months of the date of shipment.
Health certificates must accompany all covered species in transit.
Health certificates must accompany any dog, cat or nonhuman primate transported by a research facility.
How is a major operative procedure defined in the Animal Welfare Act Regulations?
A surgical procedure for which post-operative pain-relief is required
Incision through the skin and dissection of underlying tissues
A surgical procedure that requires general anesthesia
Penetration and exposure of a body cavity or substantial impairment of physical or physiological function
Penetration and exposure of a body cavity or substantial impairment of physical or physiological function
What is included in Animal Welfare Regulations for housing guinea pigs and/or hamsters?
Cages for hamsters must be at least 5 inches high.
Hamsters can be housed outside.
Cages for guinea pigs are required to be at least 7 inches high.
None of the above
Cages for guinea pigs are required to be at least 7 inches high.
A facility houses rabbits in a suite of rooms. In each room, rabbits are contained in a pen that occupies most of the floor space. Straw bedding and nest boxes are scattered in the pen. What is the primary enclosure of these rabbits? The pen The room The suite The nest boxes
The pen
What is not required by Animal Welfare Regulations in housing facilities?
To have a power and water supply
To be maintained in good repair
To have a fire alarm and sprinkler system
To provide for proper storage of food and bedding
To have a fire alarm and sprinkler system
Which statement is TRUE about exercise plans for dogs?
Exercise plans are not required if dogs are walked or allowed out of their cages daily.
Exercise plans require an animal to be released from its primary enclosure.
Exercise plans are required for all facilities housing dogs.
Exercise plans do not need approval by the attending veterinarian.
Exercise plans are required for all facilities housing dogs.
What is one objective of the annual report to the USDA/APHIS?
Assure that the facility complies with the AWA standards and regulations.
Track and account for animal shipments received by the facility.
Describe the animal use protocols in use at the research facility.
List all personnel associated with animal care.
Assure that the facility complies with the AWA standards and regulations.
How frequently does the USDA conduct inspections of research facilities? Every six months Biannually Quarterly Once a year
Once a year
The AWA Regulations require that the attending veterinarian must:
Have authority to ensure adequate veterinary care.
Appoint members to the IACUC.
Investigate public concerns over animal care and use.
Approve animal use protocols.
Have authority to ensure adequate veterinary care.
Record-keeping requirements of the Animal Welfare Regulations state that:
Disposition records must accompany the dog or cat when it leaves the research facility.
Animal health records must be maintained for all vertebrate species.
Acquisition records must be maintained for dogs and cats that are received by the facility.
IACUC records for meetings and protocols must be maintained but are not open to inspection by the USDA.
Acquisition records must be maintained for dogs and cats that are received by the facility.
Dogs obtained from a Class B dealer may originate from what source? Hobby breeder Animal broker Animal pound All of the above
All of the above
What source of dogs and cats is not permitted for procurement by Class B dealers? Feral dogs and cats Pounds and shelters Class A dealers Hobby breeders
Feral dogs and cats
Which of the following information need not be present on an official tag? Date of birth Numbers identifying the dealer The letters "USDA" Numbers identifying the animal
Date of birth
Animal Welfare Regulations for rabbits require:
Mechanical heating for rabbits housed inside.
A minimum cage height of 16 inches.
Underlying pans/troughs to be cleaned every 2 weeks.
Cages to be sanitized once every 30 days.
Cages to be sanitized once every 30 days.
What space requirements for cats are included in the Animal Welfare Regulations?
Although not required, cats should have an elevated resting surface.
Breeding bitches and queens do not need additional floor space.
All animals must have a minimum of six inches head room when in their normal standing position.
If clean and sanitized, the litter box can be counted as floor space.
If clean and sanitized, the litter box can be counted as floor space.
What determines cage space requirements for nonhuman primates as outlined in the Animal Welfare Regulations?
Nutritional needs of the nonhuman primates
Weight group of the nonhuman primates
Length of the nonhuman primates
None of the above
Weight group of the nonhuman primates
A person supplying dogs to research is exempted from licensing with the USDA under which of the following conditions?
Fewer than 25 dogs born on their premises are sold within a one-year period.
Provided dogs are already dead.
The primary business is as an animal exhibitor.
Less than $15,000 gross income is derived annually from the sale of dogs to research.
Fewer than 25 dogs born on their premises are sold within a one-year period.
What change was made to the Animal Welfare Act by the 1990 pet protection amendment?
Cats and dogs must undergo a 5-day holding period before being acquired by a dealer.
Cats and dogs cannot be obtained for research from dealers.
Dealers can only acquire cats and dogs from pounds and shelters.
Cats and dogs cannot be obtained from pounds or shelters.
Cats and dogs must undergo a 5-day holding period before being acquired by a dealer.
What identification requirement applies to a litter of unweaned puppies and kittens?
All animals in a litter must wear a plastic collar marked with each animal’s number.
All animals in a litter must be noted for distinctive markings.
All animals in a litter must be tattooed with an individual number.
No individual identification is necessary while the litter is housed with the identified dam.
No individual identification is necessary while the litter is housed with the identified dam.
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the IACUC?
Reviewing and investigating staff reports about noncompliance with AWA regulations and standards
Specifying veterinary treatments to be administered to facility animals
Reviewing and approving animal use protocols
Performing a semi-annual review of the animal care program and inspection of all animal facility areas
Specifying veterinary treatments to be administered to facility animals
Which of these species is excluded from the Animal Welfare Act when used for biomedical research? Rabbits Fish Wild mice Horses
Fish
If a research facility considers acquiring a cat from a person exempt from USDA licensing, what requirement applies to this transaction?
The facility does not need to observe the 5-day requirement for holding the cat.
The cat supplier must comply with record-keeping requirements for Class B dealers.
The facility must obtain a health certificate for the cat.
The cat supplier must be reviewed and approved by the USDA.
The facility does not need to observe the 5-day requirement for holding the cat.
Record-keeping requirements of the Animal Welfare Regulations state that:
Documentation of breeding pedigrees records are open to inspection by the USDA.
Mandated facility records must be kept for a minimum period of six months.
IACUC records for meeting minutes, protocols and semiannual reports must be available to USDA inspection.
Documentation is not required for the disposition of dogs, cats and nonhuman primates.
IACUC records for meeting minutes, protocols and semiannual reports must be available to USDA inspection.
