Aaquib Flashcards
What is the pharmacology, action, rationale and nursing responsibilities for Enoxaparin?
Pharmacology: Inhibits reactions leading to blood clotting & fibrin clot formation
Action: Antithrombotic to prevent clotting
Rationale: AF, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension - DVT and stroke prophylaxis
Nursing Responsibilities: 5 moments of hand hygiene, 8 rights of medication administration + allergies, check drug guide to ensure knowledge, ensure patient knowledge, don’t give IM, monitor for bleeding, consider pork allergies/culture, site rotation, ensure protamine sulphate is available
What is the pharmacology, action, rationale and nursing responsibilities for Paracetamol?
Pharmacology: inhibits COX and therefore prostaglandin synthesis
Action: antipyretic + analgesic
Rationale: pain
Nursing Responsibilities: 5 moments of hand hygiene, 8 rights of medication administration + allergies, check drug guide to ensure knowledge, ensure patient knowledge, caution if having other paracetamol - no more than 4g/day, any renal/hepatic impairments
What is the pharmacology, action, rationale and nursing responsibilities for Metoprolol Tartrate?
Pharmacology: Beta-Blocker - blockers beta adrenergic receptors preventing adrenaline and noradrenaline from binding, decreasing sympathetic response
Action: causes heart to beat more slowly and with less force, thereby reducing blood pressure.
Rationale: hypertension
Nursing Responsibilities: 5 moments of hand hygiene, 8 rights of medication administration + allergies, check drug guide to ensure knowledge, ensure patient knowledge, withhold if HR is <60bpm, monitor for hypotension (don’t give if have), contraindicated with asthmatics, renal/hepatic impairment
What is the pharmacology, action, rationale and nursing responsibilities for Aspirin?
Pharmacology: NON SELECTIVE COX inhibitor which inhibits the production of thromboxane A2 and therefore platelet aggregation and clot formation. Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and thus, inflammation, temp and pain
Action: Antipyretic, antiplatelet, analgesic, anti-inflammatory
Rationale: hyperlipidaemia, AF, hypertension which can all lead to platelet aggregation and clotting
Nursing Responsibilities: 5 moments of hand hygiene, 8 rights of medication administration + allergies, check drug guide to ensure knowledge, ensure patient knowledge, other antiplatelets/COX inhibitors, MONITOR BP IF GIVEN WITH B-BLOCKER
What is the pharmacology, action, rationale and nursing responsibilities for Digoxin?
Pharmacology: Digoxin inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase pump, causing sodium ions to accumulate in myocytes decreasing HR and increasing contractility
Action: increases contraction, decreases HR
Rationale: AF
Nursing Responsibilities: 5 moments of hand hygiene, 8 rights of medication administration + allergies, check drug guide to ensure knowledge, ensure patient knowledge, withhold if HR <60 or >100, don’t give with high-fibre food as will decrease availability. monitor for toxicity
What is the pharmacology, action, rationale and nursing responsibilities for Atorvastatin?
Pharmacology: inhibits HMG-COA reductase which decreases cholesterol synthesis
Action: decreases lipid production
Rationale: hyperlipoidemia
Nursing Responsibilities: 5 moments of hand hygiene, 8 rights of medication administration + allergies, check drug guide to ensure knowledge, ensure patient knowledge, liver/hepatic function, cardiac symptoms associated with hyperlipidaemia, MAY INCREASE DIGOXIN SERUM LEVELS = TOXICITY, CAUSES INSOMNIA, don’t crush
What is the pharmacology, action, rationale and nursing responsibilities for Citalopram?
Pharmacology: SSRI - blocks serotonin from being taken up and therefore, increases the availability of serotonin
Action: blocks the re-uptake of Serotonin
Rationale: depression
Nursing Responsibilities: 5 moments of hand hygiene, 8 rights of medication administration + allergies, check drug guide to ensure knowledge, ensure patient knowledge, liver/hepatic function, other antidepressants (SSRI), INCREASES RISK OF BLEEDING WITH ASPIRIN, monitor for serotonin syndrome
What is the pharmacology, action, rationale and nursing responsibilities for Docusate sodium/sennoside?
Pharmacology: increases the amount of water absorbed by the stools
Action: stool softener
Rationale: constipation - bed rest
Nursing Responsibilities: 5 moments of hand hygiene, 8 rights of medication administration + allergies, check drug guide to ensure knowledge, ensure patient knowledge, liver/hepatic function, swallowed whole or rectal, don’t give if have abdominal obstruction or paralytic ileus
What is the pharmacology, action, rationale and nursing responsibilities for potassium chloride?
Pharmacology: replace blood potassium
Action: increases potassium to maintain contraction and nerve/muscle transmission
Rationale: low K+ levels - 2.5
Nursing Responsibilities: 5 moments of hand hygiene, 8 rights of medication administration + allergies, check drug guide to ensure knowledge, ensure patient knowledge, high risk medication, monitor serum electrolytes, don’t give if have hyperkalaemia
What is the pharmacology, action, rationale and nursing responsibilities for Oxycodone?
Pharmacology: block opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord and inhibits presynaptic neurotransmitter release
Action: decrease pain transmission
Rationale: moderate - severe pain due to PEG pulling out and insertion of CVL
Nursing Responsibilities: 5 moments of hand hygiene, 8 rights of medication administration + allergies, check drug guide to ensure knowledge, ensure patient knowledge, monitor for resp depression, urinary retention, dependence, intracranial pressure
What is hypertension?
Increased BP - which increases the afterload and therefore increases the workload of the heart.
What is hyperlipidaemia?
Increased level of lipids in the blood. Leads to atherosclerosis and therefore thrombus and embolism, which can affect the heart, coronary arteries and brain.
What is atrial fibrillation?
Where the atria are unable to contract properly. The electrical conduction comes from multiple loci in the atria. Decreases CO.
What is depression?
Depression is a mental illness impacting on physical and mental health. Characterised by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities.
What is insomnia?
Difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. Can increase body stress which can affect blood pressure, HR, wound healing - can lead to infection, stroke, myocardial infarction.
